[GR-60649] [GR-61423] Various fixes for system properties and locales.

sdk/src/org.graalvm.nativeimage/snapshot.sigtest

@@ -453,6 +453,7 @@ meth public static java.lang.String getExecutableName()
 meth public static java.lang.String getObjectFile(java.lang.String)
 meth public static java.lang.String getObjectFile(org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.function.CEntryPointLiteral<?>)
 meth public static java.lang.String setLocale(java.lang.String,java.lang.String)
+ anno 0 java.lang.Deprecated(boolean forRemoval=false, java.lang.String since="25.0")
 meth public static long getProcessID()
 meth public static long getProcessID(java.lang.Process)
 meth public static void exec(java.nio.file.Path,java.lang.String[],java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.String>)

sdk/src/org.graalvm.nativeimage/src/org/graalvm/nativeimage/ProcessProperties.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2018, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
@@ -145,7 +145,11 @@ public static String getObjectFile(CEntryPointLiteral<?> symbol) {
      * Set the program locale.
      *
      * @since 19.0
+     * @deprecated in 25.0 without replacement. This method is inherently unsafe because
+     *             {@code setlocale(...)} is not thread-safe on the OS level.
      */
+    @Deprecated(since = "25.0")
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public static String setLocale(String category, String locale) {
         return ImageSingletons.lookup(ProcessPropertiesSupport.class).setLocale(category, locale);
     }

sdk/src/org.graalvm.nativeimage/src/org/graalvm/nativeimage/impl/ProcessPropertiesSupport.java

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2018, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2018, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
  *
  * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
@@ -64,6 +64,11 @@ default String getObjectFile(PointerBase symbolAddress) {
         return null;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @deprecated in 25.0 without replacement. This method is inherently unsafe because
+     *             {@code setlocale(...)} is not thread-safe on the OS level.
+     */
+    @Deprecated
     String setLocale(String category, String locale);
 
     boolean destroy(long processID);

substratevm/mx.substratevm/mx_substratevm.py

@@ -1572,6 +1572,9 @@ def prevent_build_path_in_libgraal():
     # Reduce image size by outlining all write barriers.
     # Benchmarking showed no performance degradation.
     '-H:+OutlineWriteBarriers',
+
+    # Libgraal must not change the process-wide locale settings.
+    '-H:-UseSystemLocale',
 ] + ([
     # Force page size to support libgraal on AArch64 machines with a page size up to 64K.
     '-H:PageSize=64K'

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core.posix/src/com/oracle/svm/core/posix/PosixProcessPropertiesSupport.java

@@ -33,20 +33,22 @@
 import java.util.Map.Entry;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
-import jdk.graal.compiler.word.Word;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointer;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CTypeConversion;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CTypeConversion.CCharPointerHolder;
 import org.graalvm.word.PointerBase;
 
 import com.oracle.svm.core.BaseProcessPropertiesSupport;
+import com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale.LocaleSupport;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.graal.stackvalue.UnsafeStackValue;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.memory.UntrackedNullableNativeMemory;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.posix.headers.Dlfcn;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.posix.headers.Signal;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.posix.headers.Stdlib;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.posix.headers.Unistd;
 
+import jdk.graal.compiler.word.Word;
+
 public abstract class PosixProcessPropertiesSupport extends BaseProcessPropertiesSupport {
 
     @Override
@@ -107,7 +109,9 @@ public String getObjectFile(PointerBase symbolAddress) {
         }
     }
 
+    /** This method is unsafe and should not be used, see {@link LocaleSupport}. */
     @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public String setLocale(String category, String locale) {
         return PosixUtils.setLocale(category, locale);
     }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core.posix/src/com/oracle/svm/core/posix/PosixUtils.java

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 import com.oracle.svm.core.annotate.TargetClass;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.c.libc.GLibC;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.c.libc.LibCBase;
+import com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale.LocaleSupport;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.graal.stackvalue.UnsafeStackValue;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.headers.LibC;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.hub.DynamicHub;
@@ -70,12 +71,13 @@
 import jdk.graal.compiler.word.Word;
 
 public class PosixUtils {
+    /** This method is unsafe and should not be used, see {@link LocaleSupport}. */
     static String setLocale(String category, String locale) {
         int intCategory = getCategory(category);
-
         return setLocale(intCategory, locale);
     }
 
+    /** This method is unsafe and should not be used, see {@link LocaleSupport}. */
     private static String setLocale(int category, String locale) {
         if (locale == null) {
             CCharPointer cstrResult = Locale.setlocale(category, Word.nullPointer());

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core.windows/src/com/oracle/svm/core/windows/WindowsProcessPropertiesSupport.java

@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
-import jdk.graal.compiler.word.Word;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointer;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CTypeConversion;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.impl.ProcessPropertiesSupport;
 import org.graalvm.word.PointerBase;
 
 import com.oracle.svm.core.BaseProcessPropertiesSupport;
+import com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale.LocaleSupport;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.feature.AutomaticallyRegisteredImageSingleton;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.graal.stackvalue.UnsafeStackValue;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.util.VMError;
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 import com.oracle.svm.core.windows.headers.WinBase.HANDLE;
 import com.oracle.svm.core.windows.headers.WindowsLibC.WCharPointer;
 
+import jdk.graal.compiler.word.Word;
+
 @AutomaticallyRegisteredImageSingleton(ProcessPropertiesSupport.class)
 public class WindowsProcessPropertiesSupport extends BaseProcessPropertiesSupport {
 
@@ -132,7 +134,9 @@ private static String getModulePath(WinBase.HMODULE module) {
         return WindowsSystemPropertiesSupport.toJavaString(path, length);
     }
 
+    /** This method is unsafe and should not be used, see {@link LocaleSupport}. */
     @Override
+    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
     public String setLocale(String category, String locale) {
         throw VMError.intentionallyUnimplemented(); // ExcludeFromJacocoGeneratedReport
     }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/LibCHelper.java

@@ -30,8 +30,6 @@
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointer;
 import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointerPointer;
 
-import com.oracle.svm.core.util.BasedOnJDKFile;
-
 @CLibrary(value = "libchelper", requireStatic = true, dependsOn = "java")
 public class LibCHelper {
     @CFunction(transition = Transition.NO_TRANSITION)
@@ -41,18 +39,4 @@ public class LibCHelper {
     // Checkstyle: stop
     public static native CCharPointer SVM_FindJavaTZmd(CCharPointer tzMappings, int length);
     // Checkstyle: start
-
-    @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+13/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/locale_str.h")
-    @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+13/src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/locale_str.h")
-    public static class Locale {
-        @CFunction(transition = Transition.TO_NATIVE)
-        @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+17/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L93-L357")
-        @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+24/src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L321-L713")
-        public static native CCharPointerPointer parseDisplayLocale();
-
-        @CFunction(transition = Transition.TO_NATIVE)
-        @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+17/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L93-L357")
-        @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+24/src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L321-L713")
-        public static native CCharPointerPointer parseFormatLocale();
-    }
 }

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/SubstrateOptions.java

@@ -1145,6 +1145,9 @@ public Boolean getValue(OptionValues values) {
         }
     };
 
+    @Option(help = "Determines if the system locale should be used at run-time. If this is disabled, the locale 'en-US' will be used instead.", stability = OptionStability.EXPERIMENTAL, type = Expert)//
+    public static final HostedOptionKey<Boolean> UseSystemLocale = new HostedOptionKey<>(true);
+
     @Option(help = "Dump heap to file (see HeapDumpPath) the first time the image throws java.lang.OutOfMemoryError because it ran out of Java heap.")//
     public static final RuntimeOptionKey<Boolean> HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError = new RuntimeOptionKey<>(false);
 

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/c/locale/LocaleCHelper.java

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale;
+
+import static org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.function.CFunction.Transition.NO_TRANSITION;
+
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.CContext;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.constant.CConstant;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.function.CFunction;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.function.CLibrary;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.struct.CField;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.struct.CStruct;
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.type.CCharPointer;
+import org.graalvm.word.PointerBase;
+
+import com.oracle.svm.core.util.BasedOnJDKFile;
+
+@CContext(LocaleDirectives.class)
+@CLibrary(value = "libchelper", requireStatic = true, dependsOn = "java")
+@BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+13/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/locale_str.h")
+@BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+13/src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/locale_str.h")
+class LocaleCHelper {
+    // Checkstyle: stop
+    @CConstant
+    static native int SVM_LOCALE_INITIALIZATION_SUCCEEDED();
+
+    @CConstant
+    static native int SVM_LOCALE_INITIALIZATION_OUT_OF_MEMORY();
+    // Checkstyle: resume
+
+    /**
+     * This method changes the process-wide locale settings and should therefore only be called
+     * during early startup. Calling it at a later point in time is unsafe and may result in
+     * crashes.
+     *
+     * @return {@link #SVM_LOCALE_INITIALIZATION_SUCCEEDED} or
+     *         {@link #SVM_LOCALE_INITIALIZATION_OUT_OF_MEMORY}.
+     */
+    @CFunction(value = "svm_initialize_locale", transition = NO_TRANSITION)
+    @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+17/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L71-L357")
+    @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+17/src/java.base/unix/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L436-L460")
+    @BasedOnJDKFile("https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/jdk-24+24/src/java.base/windows/native/libjava/java_props_md.c#L254-L713")
+    static native int initializeLocale();
+
+    @CFunction(value = "svm_get_locale", transition = NO_TRANSITION)
+    static native LocaleProps getLocale();
+
+    @CStruct(value = "svm_locale_props_t")
+    interface LocaleProps extends PointerBase {
+        @CField(value = "display_language")
+        CCharPointer displayLanguage();
+
+        @CField(value = "display_script")
+        CCharPointer displayScript();
+
+        @CField(value = "display_country")
+        CCharPointer displayCountry();
+
+        @CField(value = "display_variant")
+        CCharPointer displayVariant();
+
+        @CField(value = "format_language")
+        CCharPointer formatLanguage();
+
+        @CField(value = "format_script")
+        CCharPointer formatScript();
+
+        @CField(value = "format_country")
+        CCharPointer formatCountry();
+
+        @CField(value = "format_variant")
+        CCharPointer formatVariant();
+    }
+}

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/c/locale/LocaleData.java

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale;
+
+public record LocaleData(String country, String displayCountry, String formatCountry,
+                String language, String displayLanguage, String formatLanguage,
+                String script, String displayScript, String formatScript,
+                String variant, String displayVariant, String formatVariant) {
+}

substratevm/src/com.oracle.svm.core/src/com/oracle/svm/core/c/locale/LocaleDirectives.java

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package com.oracle.svm.core.c.locale;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import org.graalvm.nativeimage.c.CContext;
+
+import com.oracle.svm.core.c.ProjectHeaderFile;
+
+class LocaleDirectives implements CContext.Directives {
+    @Override
+    public List<String> getHeaderFiles() {
+        return Collections.singletonList(ProjectHeaderFile.resolve("com.oracle.svm.native.libchelper", "include/svm_locale.h"));
+    }
+}