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editorial: tidying up "Characteristics of Roles"
Replaces #1733 Resolves #1263
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@@ -1131,10 +1131,6 @@ <h2>Characteristics of Roles</h2>
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<p>Roles define the following characteristics.</p>
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<section id="isAbstract">
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<h3>Abstract Roles</h3>
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<dl class="runin">
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<dt>Values</dt>
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<dd>Boolean</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>
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Abstract <a>roles</a> are the foundation upon which all other <abbr title="Accessible Rich Internet Applications">WAI-ARIA</abbr> roles are built. Authors MUST NOT use abstract roles
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because they are not implemented in the <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr> binding. User agents MUST NOT map abstract roles to the standard role mechanism of the
@@ -1256,38 +1252,23 @@ <h3>Required Accessibility Parent Role</h3>
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<p class="note">An element with the appropriate <a href="#implicit_semantics">implicit WAI-ARIA semantic</a> fulfills this requirement.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="namecalculation">
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<h3>Accessible Name Calculation</h3>
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<dl class="runin">
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<dt>Values</dt>
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<dd>
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One of the following values:
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<ol>
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<li>
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author: name comes from values provided by the author in explicit markup features such as the <pref>aria-label</pref> attribute, the <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> attribute, or the
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host language labeling mechanism, such as the <code>alt</code> or <code>title</code> attributes in HTML, with HTML <code>title</code> attribute having the lowest precedence for
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specifying a text alternative.
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</li>
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<li>
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contents: name comes from the text value of the <a>element</a> node. Although this might be allowed in addition to "author" in some <a>roles</a>, this is used in content only if
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higher priority "author" features are not provided. Priority is defined by the
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<a href="#mapping_additional_nd_te" class="accname">accessible name and description computation</a> algorithm [[ACCNAME-1.2]].
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</li>
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<li>prohibited: the element does not support name from author. Authors MUST NOT use the <pref>aria-label</pref> or <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> attributes to name the element.</li>
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</ol>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<section id="namecomputation">
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<h4>Name Computation</h4>
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<p><a href="#mapping_additional_nd_name" class="accname">Name Computation</a> is defined in the Accessible Name and Description specification.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="descriptioncomputation">
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<h4>Description Computation</h4>
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<p><a href="#mapping_additional_nd_description" class="accname">Description Computation</a> is defined in the Accessible Name and Description specification.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="textalternativecomputation">
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<h4>Accessible Name and Description Computation</h4>
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<p><a href="#mapping_additional_nd_te" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a> is defined in the Accessible Name and Description specification.</p>
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</section>
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<h3>Name From</h3>
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<p>
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Determines which content contributes to the <cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]].
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</p>
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<p>One of the following values:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>
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author: name comes from values provided by the author in explicit markup features such as the <pref>aria-label</pref> attribute, the <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> attribute, or the host
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language labeling mechanism, such as the <code>alt</code> or <code>title</code> attributes in <abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>, with HTML <code>title</code> attribute
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having the lowest precedence for specifying a text alternative.
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</li>
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<li>
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contents: name comes from the text value of the <a>element</a> node. Although this might be allowed in addition to "author" in some <a>roles</a>, this is used in content only if higher
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priority "author" features are not provided. Priority is defined by the <cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]].
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</li>
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<li>prohibited: the element does not support name from author. Authors MUST NOT use the <pref>aria-label</pref> or <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> attributes to name the element.</li>
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</ol>
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<section id="namefromauthor">
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<h4>Roles Supporting Name from Author</h4>
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<div id="index_fromauthor"></div>
@@ -1302,15 +1283,9 @@ <h4>Roles which cannot be named (Name prohibited)</h4>
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</section>
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</section>
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<section id="childrenArePresentational">
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<h3>Presentational Children</h3>
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<dl class="runin">
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<dt>Values</dt>
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<dd>
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<p>Boolean (<code>true</code> | <code>false</code>)</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<h3>Children Presentational</h3>
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<p>
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The <abbr title="Document Object Model">DOM</abbr> descendants are presentational. [=user agents=] SHOULD NOT expose descendants of this <a>element</a> through the platform
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Indicates whether DOM descendants are presentational. [=user agents=] SHOULD NOT expose descendants of this <a>element</a> through the platform
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<a>accessibility <abbr title="Application Programming Interface">API</abbr></a
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>. If [=user agents=] do not hide the descendant nodes, some information might be read twice.
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</p>
@@ -13382,10 +13357,10 @@ <h2>Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes)</h2>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Unlike elements referenced by <code>aria-describedby</code>, elements referenced by <code>aria-details</code> are not used in the Accessible
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<a href="#mapping_additional_nd_description" class="accname">Description Computation</a> as defined in the Accessible Name and Description specification. Thus, the content of elements
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referenced by <code>aria-details</code> are not flattened to a string when presented to assistive technology users. This makes <code>aria-details</code> particularly useful when
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converting the information to a string would cause a loss of information or make the extended information more difficult to understand.
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Unlike elements referenced by <code>aria-describedby</code>, elements referenced by <code>aria-details</code> are not used in the Accessible Description Computation as defined in the
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<cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]]. Thus, the content of elements referenced by <code>aria-details</code> are not
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flattened to a string when presented to assistive technology users. This makes <code>aria-details</code> particularly useful when converting the information to a string would cause a
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loss of information or make the extended information more difficult to understand.
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</p>
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<p>
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The <code>aria-details</code> property supports referring to multiple elements. For example, a paragraph in a document editor might reference multiple comments that are not related to
@@ -14286,10 +14261,9 @@ <h2>Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes)</h2>
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Most host languages provide an attribute that could be used to name the element (e.g., the <code>[^html-global/title^]</code> attribute in HTML), yet this could present a browser
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tooltip. In the cases where DOM content or a tooltip is undesirable, authors MAY set the accessible name of the element using <pref>aria-label</pref>, if the element does not
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<a href="#prohibitedattributes">prohibit</a> use of the attribute. If the label text is available in the DOM (i.e. typically visible text content), authors SHOULD use
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<pref>aria-labelledby</pref> and SHOULD NOT use <pref>aria-label</pref>. There might be instances where the name of an element cannot be determined programmatically from the DOM, and
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<pref>aria-labelledby</pref> and SHOULD NOT use <pref>aria-label</pref>. There might be instances where the name of an element cannot be determined programmatically from the DOM, and
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there are cases where referencing DOM content is not the desired user experience. Authors MUST NOT specify <code>aria-label</code> on an element which has an explicit or implicit
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WAI-ARIA role where <code>aria-label</code> is <a href="#prohibitedattributes">prohibited</a>. As required by the
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<a href="#textalternativecomputation">accessible name and description computation</a>, user agents give precedence to <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> over <pref>aria-label</pref> when
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WAI-ARIA role where <code>aria-label</code> is <a href="#prohibitedattributes">prohibited</a>. As required by the <cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]], user agents give precedence to <pref>aria-labelledby</pref> over <pref>aria-label</pref> when
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computing the accessible name property.
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</p>
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</div>
@@ -14334,7 +14308,7 @@ <h2>Definitions of States and Properties (all aria-* attributes)</h2>
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<p>
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If the interface is such that it is not possible to have a visible label on the screen, authors SHOULD use <pref>aria-label</pref> and SHOULD NOT use <pref>aria-labelledby</pref>.
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Authors MUST NOT specify <code>aria-labelledby</code> on an element which has an explicit or implicit WAI-ARIA role where <code>aria-labelledby</code> is
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<a href="#prohibitedattributes">prohibited</a>. As required by the <a href="#textalternativecomputation">accessible name and description computation</a>, user agents give precedence to
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<a href="#prohibitedattributes">prohibited</a>. As required by the <cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]], user agents give precedence to
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<pref>aria-labelledby</pref> over <pref>aria-label</pref> when computing the accessible name property.
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</p>
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<p>
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</p>
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<p>
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When text changes are denoted as relevant, user agents MUST monitor any descendant node change that affects the
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<a href="#textalternativecomputation">accessible name and description computation</a> of the live region as if the accessible name were determined from contents (<a
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<cite><a href="" class="accname">Accessible Name and Description Computation</a></cite> [[ACCNAME-1.2]] of the live region as if the accessible name were determined from contents (<a
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href="#namecalculation"
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>nameFrom: contents</a
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>). For example, a text change would be triggered if the HTML <code>alt</code> attribute of a contained image changed. However, no change would be triggered if there was a text change to

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