feat(catalog): add pg_type.typinput and support dummy casting to regproc

[TennyZhuang]

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What's changed and what's your intention?

Fix #11689

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)
• My PR changes performance-critical code. (Please run macro/micro-benchmarks and show the results.)

• My PR contains critical fixes that are necessary to be merged into the latest release. (Please check out the details)

Documentation

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Release note

If this PR includes changes that directly affect users or other significant modifications relevant to the community, kindly draft a release note to provide a concise summary of these changes. Please prioritize highlighting the impact these changes will have on users.

[yezizp2012]

Rest LGTM

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #12272 (22ee447) into main (6f136bf) will increase coverage by 0.02%.
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 95.45%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #12272      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   69.72%   69.74%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1411     1411              
  Lines      236335   236351      +16     
==========================================
+ Hits       164773   164852      +79     
+ Misses      71562    71499      -63     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	69.74% <95.45%> (+0.02%)	⬆️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
src/meta/src/manager/env.rs	68.83% <ø> (ø)
src/sqlparser/src/keywords.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
src/frontend/src/binder/expr/mod.rs	73.50% <80.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
src/common/src/types/postgres_type.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/frontend/src/binder/select.rs	63.81% <100.00%> (+0.05%)	⬆️
...d/src/catalog/system_catalog/pg_catalog/pg_type.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
.../src/catalog/system_catalog/rw_catalog/rw_types.rs	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
src/sqlparser/src/ast/data_type.rs	92.68% <100.00%> (+0.18%)	⬆️
src/sqlparser/src/parser.rs	86.48% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️

... and 10 files with indirect coverage changes

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[neverchanje]

Thanks. It seems to be a smart workaround.