feat(source): support json schema

[wugouzi]

I hereby agree to the terms of the RisingWave Labs, Inc. Contributor License Agreement.

What's changed and what's your intention?

Support json schema as schema registry. Syntax is

create table t with (
  connector = 'kafka',
  topic = 'json_schema',
  properties.bootstrap.server = 'message_queue:29092',
  scan.startup.mode = 'earliest'
) FORMAT PLAIN ENCODE JSON (
  schema.registry = 'url',
  [optional] schema.registry.username = 'username',
  [optional] schema.registry.password = 'password',
)

Basic idea is to use jsonschema-transpiler to generate avro schema from json schema.

Redpanda does not support json schema yet (see redpanda-data/redpanda#1878). So kafka is used here as workaround.

References outside the schema is not supported yet.

Checklist

• I have written necessary rustdoc comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• I have added fuzzing tests or opened an issue to track them. (Optional, recommended for new SQL features Sqlsmith: Sql feature generation #7934).
• My PR contains breaking changes. (If it deprecates some features, please create a tracking issue to remove them in the future).
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)
• My PR changes performance-critical code. (Please run macro/micro-benchmarks and show the results.)

• My PR contains critical fixes that are necessary to be merged into the latest release. (Please check out the details)

Documentation

• My PR needs documentation updates. (Please use the Release note section below to summarize the impact on users)

Release note

If this PR includes changes that directly affect users or other significant modifications relevant to the community, kindly draft a release note to provide a concise summary of these changes. Please prioritize highlighting the impact these changes will have on users.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #11797 (2f18c5c) into main (181953d) will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
Report is 24 commits behind head on main.
The diff coverage is 50.20%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #11797      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   70.21%   70.20%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1373     1373              
  Lines      228741   228886     +145     
==========================================
+ Hits       160621   160688      +67     
- Misses      68120    68198      +78     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	70.20% <50.20%> (-0.02%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files Changed	Coverage Δ
src/connector/src/parser/avro/parser.rs	69.66% <ø> (ø)
src/connector/src/parser/avro/schema_resolver.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (-4.23%)	⬇️
...c/connector/src/parser/debezium/debezium_parser.rs	50.00% <0.00%> (-1.25%)	⬇️
src/frontend/src/handler/create_table.rs	89.60% <ø> (+0.37%)	⬆️
src/connector/src/parser/util.rs	3.22% <7.14%> (+3.22%)	⬆️
src/connector/src/parser/mod.rs	46.25% <45.45%> (-0.07%)	⬇️
src/frontend/src/handler/create_source.rs	47.91% <51.42%> (+0.15%)	⬆️
src/connector/src/parser/json_parser.rs	83.98% <59.49%> (-5.39%)	⬇️
src/connector/src/parser/canal/simd_json_parser.rs	84.74% <100.00%> (+1.41%)	⬆️
.../connector/src/parser/debezium/simd_json_parser.rs	95.10% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
... and 1 more

... and 5 files with indirect coverage changes

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[StrikeW]

Is schema registry is required for JSON format after this pr? IIRC, we have a conclusion before that schema registry is required for Avro format. cc @neverchanje

[wugouzi]

Is schema registry is required for JSON format after this pr? IIRC, we have a conclusion before that schema registry is required for Avro format. cc @neverchanje

It's an option. We still support JSON format in old way.

[tabVersion]

Is schema registry is required for JSON format after this pr?

It is not required. We implement it at a poc user's request.

[tabVersion]

@st1page please double check the change.

[tabVersion]

References outside the schema is not supported yet.

I don't see how you handle this situation.

[wugouzi]

References outside the schema is not supported yet.

I don't see how you handle this situation.

jsonschema-transpiler does not support this based on my testing.

[wugouzi]

Performance

json_parser             time:   [1.7250 s 1.7257 s 1.7266 s]
                        change: [-0.3861% -0.3042% -0.2271%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Change within noise threshold.

[tabVersion]

basically LGTM, waiting @st1page for syntax check.

[BugenZhao]

This PR introduces too many outdated and unnecessary dependencies to our workspace, including env_logger and clap 2. We should consider forking the dependency of the executable jsonschema-transpiler and making it a modern library.