Refactor native video decoder for code reuse (#7641)

### What
* Part of #7606 

This refactors the native decoder so that we can easily slot in a
different native decoder (ffmpeg!).

The innermost trait is now `SyncDecoder` which gets pushed a chunk, and
blocks while producing frames (or errors). Around that is an
`AsyncDecoder` that runs the `SyncDecoder` on a background thread to
produce a non-blocking interface.
Finally in `re_renderer` there is the `NativeDecoder` that wraps
`SyncDecoder` and handles texture uploads.

There is a lot of code moved, but very little code actually _changed_.
It's just another layer of abstraction introduced.

### Checklist
* [x] I have read and agree to [Contributor
Guide](https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) and
the [Code of
Conduct](https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
* [x] I've included a screenshot or gif (if applicable)
* [x] I have tested the web demo (if applicable):
* Using examples from latest `main` build:
[rerun.io/viewer](https://rerun.io/viewer/pr/7641?manifest_url=https://app.rerun.io/version/main/examples_manifest.json)
* Using full set of examples from `nightly` build:
[rerun.io/viewer](https://rerun.io/viewer/pr/7641?manifest_url=https://app.rerun.io/version/nightly/examples_manifest.json)
* [x] The PR title and labels are set such as to maximize their
usefulness for the next release's CHANGELOG
* [x] If applicable, add a new check to the [release
checklist](https://github.com/rerun-io/rerun/blob/main/tests/python/release_checklist)!
* [x] If have noted any breaking changes to the log API in
`CHANGELOG.md` and the migration guide

- [PR Build Summary](https://build.rerun.io/pr/7641)
- [Recent benchmark results](https://build.rerun.io/graphs/crates.html)
- [Wasm size tracking](https://build.rerun.io/graphs/sizes.html)

To run all checks from `main`, comment on the PR with `@rerun-bot
full-check`.

Author: emilk

crates/store/re_video/examples/frames.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ fn main() {
     let video = std::fs::read(video_path).expect("failed to read video");
     let video = re_video::VideoData::load_mp4(&video).expect("failed to load video");
 
+    let sync_decoder = Box::new(
+        re_video::decode::av1::SyncDav1dDecoder::new().expect("Failed to start AV1 decoder"),
+    );
+
     println!(
         "{} {}x{}",
         video.gops.len(),
@@ -38,14 +42,16 @@ fn main() {
     progress.enable_steady_tick(Duration::from_millis(100));
 
     let frames = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Vec::new()));
-    let mut decoder = re_video::decode::av1::Decoder::new("debug_name".to_owned(), {
+    let on_output = {
         let frames = frames.clone();
         let progress = progress.clone();
         move |frame| {
             progress.inc(1);
             frames.lock().push(frame);
         }
-    });
+    };
+    let mut decoder =
+        re_video::decode::AsyncDecoder::new("debug_name".to_owned(), sync_decoder, on_output);
 
     let start = Instant::now();
     for sample in &video.samples {

crates/store/re_video/src/decode/async_decoder.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+use std::sync::{
+    atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering},
+    Arc,
+};
+
+use crossbeam::channel::{unbounded, Receiver, Sender};
+
+use super::{Chunk, Frame, OutputCallback, Result, SyncDecoder};
+
+enum Command {
+    Chunk(Chunk),
+    Flush { on_done: Sender<()> },
+    Reset,
+    Stop,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+struct Comms {
+    /// Set when it is time to die
+    should_stop: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+
+    /// Incremented on each call to [`AsyncDecoder::reset`].
+    /// Decremented each time the decoder thread receives [`Command::Reset`].
+    num_outstanding_resets: Arc<AtomicU64>,
+}
+
+impl Default for Comms {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            should_stop: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
+            num_outstanding_resets: Arc::new(AtomicU64::new(0)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Runs a [`SyncDecoder`] in a background thread, for non-blocking video decoding.
+pub struct AsyncDecoder {
+    /// Where the decoding happens
+    _thread: std::thread::JoinHandle<()>,
+
+    /// Commands sent to the decoder thread.
+    command_tx: Sender<Command>,
+
+    /// Instant communication to the decoder thread (circumventing the command queue).
+    comms: Comms,
+}
+
+impl AsyncDecoder {
+    pub fn new(
+        debug_name: String,
+        mut sync_decoder: Box<dyn SyncDecoder + Send>,
+        on_output: impl Fn(Result<Frame>) + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    ) -> Self {
+        re_tracing::profile_function!();
+
+        let (command_tx, command_rx) = unbounded();
+        let comms = Comms::default();
+
+        let thread = std::thread::Builder::new()
+            .name("av1_decoder".into())
+            .spawn({
+                let comms = comms.clone();
+                move || {
+                    econtext::econtext_data!("Video", debug_name.clone());
+
+                    decoder_thread(sync_decoder.as_mut(), &comms, &command_rx, &on_output);
+                    re_log::debug!("Closing decoder thread for {debug_name}");
+                }
+            })
+            .expect("failed to spawn decoder thread");
+
+        Self {
+            _thread: thread,
+            command_tx,
+            comms,
+        }
+    }
+
+    // NOTE: The interface is all `&mut self` to avoid certain types of races.
+    pub fn decode(&mut self, chunk: Chunk) {
+        re_tracing::profile_function!();
+        self.command_tx.send(Command::Chunk(chunk)).ok();
+    }
+
+    /// Resets the decoder.
+    ///
+    /// This does not block, all chunks sent to `decode` before this point will be discarded.
+    // NOTE: The interface is all `&mut self` to avoid certain types of races.
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        re_tracing::profile_function!();
+
+        // Increment resets first…
+        self.comms
+            .num_outstanding_resets
+            .fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+
+        // …so it is visible on the decoder thread when it gets the `Reset` command.
+        self.command_tx.send(Command::Reset).ok();
+    }
+
+    /// Blocks until all pending frames have been decoded.
+    // NOTE: The interface is all `&mut self` to avoid certain types of races.
+    pub fn flush(&mut self) {
+        re_tracing::profile_function!();
+        let (tx, rx) = crossbeam::channel::bounded(0);
+        self.command_tx.send(Command::Flush { on_done: tx }).ok();
+        rx.recv().ok();
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for AsyncDecoder {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        re_tracing::profile_function!();
+
+        // Set `should_stop` first…
+        self.comms.should_stop.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+
+        // …so it is visible on the decoder thread when it gets the `Stop` command.
+        self.command_tx.send(Command::Stop).ok();
+
+        // NOTE: we don't block here. The decoder thread will finish soon enough.
+    }
+}
+
+fn decoder_thread(
+    decoder: &mut dyn SyncDecoder,
+    comms: &Comms,
+    command_rx: &Receiver<Command>,
+    on_output: &OutputCallback,
+) {
+    #![allow(clippy::debug_assert_with_mut_call)]
+
+    while let Ok(command) = command_rx.recv() {
+        if comms.should_stop.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+            re_log::debug!("Should stop");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If we're waiting for a reset we should ignore all other commands until we receive it.
+        let has_outstanding_reset = 0 < comms.num_outstanding_resets.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+
+        match command {
+            Command::Chunk(chunk) => {
+                if !has_outstanding_reset {
+                    decoder.submit_chunk(&comms.should_stop, chunk, on_output);
+                }
+            }
+            Command::Flush { on_done } => {
+                on_done.send(()).ok();
+            }
+            Command::Reset => {
+                decoder.reset();
+                comms.num_outstanding_resets.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::Release);
+            }
+            Command::Stop => {
+                re_log::debug!("Stop");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    re_log::debug!("Disconnected");
+}