[WIP] [Call-by-name] migrate src/python/pants/engine/internals/build_files.py

src/python/pants/backend/adhoc/adhoc_tool_test.py

@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@
 from pants.backend.adhoc.target_types import AdhocToolTarget, SystemBinaryTarget
 from pants.backend.python.goals.run_python_source import rules as run_python_source_rules
 from pants.backend.python.target_types import PythonSourceTarget
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import LocalWorkspaceEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.target_types import ArchiveTarget, FilesGeneratorTarget
 from pants.core.target_types import rules as core_target_type_rules
 from pants.core.util_rules import archive, source_files
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import LocalWorkspaceEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.source_files import SourceFiles, SourceFilesRequest
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.fs import EMPTY_SNAPSHOT, DigestContents

src/python/pants/backend/adhoc/target_types.py

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
 from typing import ClassVar
 
 from pants.base.glob_match_error_behavior import GlobMatchErrorBehavior
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.util_rules.adhoc_process_support import PathEnvModifyMode
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.env_vars import EXTRA_ENV_VARS_USAGE_HELP
 from pants.engine.fs import GlobExpansionConjunction
 from pants.engine.process import ProcessCacheScope

src/python/pants/backend/awslambda/python/rules.py

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
     build_python_faas,
 )
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.faas import rules as faas_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import BuiltPackage, OutputPathField, PackageFieldSet
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules, rule
 from pants.engine.unions import UnionRule
 from pants.util.logging import LogLevel

src/python/pants/backend/awslambda/python/target_types.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
     PythonFaaSRuntimeField,
 )
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.faas import rules as faas_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import OutputPathField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules
 from pants.engine.target import (

src/python/pants/backend/codegen/thrift/apache/rules.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from pants.backend.codegen.thrift.apache.subsystem import ApacheThriftSubsystem
 from pants.backend.codegen.thrift.target_types import ThriftSourceField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentTarget
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.source_files import SourceFilesRequest, determine_source_files
 from pants.core.util_rules.system_binaries import (
     BinaryNotFoundError,

src/python/pants/backend/docker/util_rules/docker_build_context_test.py

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules import pex_from_targets
 from pants.backend.shell.target_types import ShellSourcesGeneratorTarget, ShellSourceTarget
 from pants.backend.shell.target_types import rules as shell_target_types_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import DockerEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.goals import package
 from pants.core.goals.package import BuiltPackage
 from pants.core.target_types import FilesGeneratorTarget, FileTarget
 from pants.core.target_types import rules as core_target_types_rules
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import DockerEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.fs import EMPTY_DIGEST, EMPTY_SNAPSHOT, Snapshot
 from pants.engine.internals.scheduler import ExecutionError

src/python/pants/backend/go/goals/package_binary.py

@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@
     ThirdPartyPkgAnalysisRequest,
     extract_package_info,
 )
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import (
     BuiltPackage,
     BuiltPackageArtifact,
     OutputPathField,
     PackageFieldSet,
 )
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunFieldSet, RunInSandboxBehavior
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.fs import AddPrefix
 from pants.engine.internals.selectors import concurrently
 from pants.engine.intrinsics import add_prefix

src/python/pants/backend/go/target_types.py

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 import os
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
 
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import OutputPathField
 from pants.core.goals.run import RestartableField
 from pants.core.goals.test import TestExtraEnvVarsField, TestTimeoutField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.target import (
     COMMON_TARGET_FIELDS,

src/python/pants/backend/go/util_rules/go_bootstrap.py

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from pants.backend.go.subsystems.golang import GolangSubsystem
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules import asdf, search_paths
 from pants.core.util_rules.asdf import AsdfPathString, AsdfToolPathsResult
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.search_paths import ValidateSearchPathsRequest, validate_search_paths
 from pants.engine.internals.platform_rules import environment_path_variable
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules, rule

src/python/pants/backend/go/util_rules/goroot.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pants.backend.go.subsystems.golang import GolangSubsystem
 from pants.backend.go.util_rules import go_bootstrap
 from pants.backend.go.util_rules.go_bootstrap import GoBootstrap, compatible_go_version
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentTarget
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.system_binaries import (
     BinaryNotFoundError,
     BinaryPathRequest,

src/python/pants/backend/google_cloud_function/python/rules.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
     build_python_faas,
 )
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.faas import rules as faas_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import BuiltPackage, OutputPathField, PackageFieldSet
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules, rule
 from pants.engine.unions import UnionRule
 from pants.util.logging import LogLevel

src/python/pants/backend/google_cloud_function/python/target_types.py

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
     PythonFaaSRuntimeField,
 )
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.faas import rules as faas_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import OutputPathField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules
 from pants.engine.target import COMMON_TARGET_FIELDS, InvalidFieldException, StringField, Target

src/python/pants/backend/javascript/run/rules.py

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
     NodeBuildScriptExtraEnvVarsField,
     NodePackageDependenciesField,
 )
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunFieldSet, RunInSandboxBehavior, RunRequest
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.env_vars import EnvironmentVarsRequest
 from pants.engine.internals.platform_rules import environment_vars_subset
 from pants.engine.rules import Rule, collect_rules, implicitly, rule

src/python/pants/backend/javascript/subsystems/nodejs.py

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@
 
 from nodesemver import min_satisfying
 
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules import asdf, search_paths, system_binaries
 from pants.core.util_rules.asdf import AsdfPathString, AsdfToolPathsResult
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.external_tool import (
     DownloadedExternalTool,
     ExternalToolRequest,

src/python/pants/backend/python/goals/package_pex_binary.py

@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@
 from pants.backend.python.target_types_rules import resolve_pex_entry_point
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.pex import create_pex, digest_complete_platforms
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.pex_from_targets import PexFromTargetsRequest
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import (
     BuiltPackage,
     BuiltPackageArtifact,
     OutputPathField,
     PackageFieldSet,
 )
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunFieldSet, RunInSandboxBehavior
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules, implicitly, rule
 from pants.engine.unions import UnionRule
 from pants.util.frozendict import FrozenDict

src/python/pants/backend/python/packaging/pyoxidizer/rules.py

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 )
 from pants.backend.python.target_types import GenerateSetupField, WheelField
 from pants.backend.python.util_rules.pex import PexProcess, create_pex, setup_pex_process
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import (
     BuiltPackage,
     BuiltPackageArtifact,
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@
     environment_aware_package,
 )
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunFieldSet, RunInSandboxBehavior, RunRequest
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.util_rules.system_binaries import BashBinary
 from pants.engine.fs import AddPrefix, CreateDigest, Digest, FileContent, MergeDigests, RemovePrefix
 from pants.engine.internals.graph import find_valid_field_sets, hydrate_sources, resolve_targets

src/python/pants/backend/python/packaging/pyoxidizer/target_types.py

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from pants.backend.python.target_types import GenerateSetupField, WheelField
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.package import OutputPathField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.target import (
     COMMON_TARGET_FIELDS,
     AsyncFieldMixin,

src/python/pants/backend/python/subsystems/pytest.py

@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@
     PythonTestsXdistConcurrencyField,
     SkipPythonTestsField,
 )
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.resolves import ExportableTool
 from pants.core.goals.test import RuntimePackageDependenciesField, TestFieldSet
 from pants.core.util_rules.config_files import ConfigFilesRequest
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules
 from pants.engine.target import Target
 from pants.engine.unions import UnionRule

src/python/pants/backend/python/target_types.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 from pants.backend.python.macros.python_artifact import PythonArtifact
 from pants.backend.python.subsystems.setup import PythonSetup
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.generate_lockfiles import UnrecognizedResolveNamesError
 from pants.core.goals.package import OutputPathField
 from pants.core.goals.run import RestartableField
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@
     TestsBatchCompatibilityTagField,
     TestSubsystem,
 )
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address, Addresses
 from pants.engine.target import (
     COMMON_TARGET_FIELDS,

src/python/pants/backend/python/util_rules/pex.py

@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
     validate_metadata,
 )
 from pants.build_graph.address import Address
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.target_types import FileSourceField, ResourceSourceField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.stripped_source_files import StrippedFileNameRequest
 from pants.core.util_rules.stripped_source_files import rules as stripped_source_rules
 from pants.core.util_rules.stripped_source_files import strip_file_name

src/python/pants/backend/shell/goals/test.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
     ShellCommandProcessFromTargetRequest,
     prepare_process_request_from_target,
 )
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.test import (
     TestDebugRequest,
     TestExtraEnv,
@@ -32,7 +33,6 @@
 )
 from pants.core.util_rules.adhoc_process_support import rules as adhoc_process_support_rules
 from pants.core.util_rules.adhoc_process_support import run_prepared_adhoc_process
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.engine.fs import EMPTY_DIGEST, Snapshot
 from pants.engine.internals.graph import resolve_target
 from pants.engine.intrinsics import digest_to_snapshot

src/python/pants/backend/shell/target_types.py

@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
     AdhocToolWorkspaceInvalidationSourcesField,
 )
 from pants.backend.shell.subsystems.shell_setup import ShellSetup
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.goals.test import RuntimePackageDependenciesField, TestTimeoutField
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentField
 from pants.core.util_rules.system_binaries import BinaryPathTest
 from pants.engine.rules import collect_rules, rule
 from pants.engine.target import (

src/python/pants/backend/shell/util_rules/shell_command.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 )
 from pants.backend.shell.util_rules.builtin import BASH_BUILTIN_COMMANDS
 from pants.base.glob_match_error_behavior import GlobMatchErrorBehavior
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import EnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunFieldSet, RunInSandboxBehavior, RunRequest
 from pants.core.target_types import FileSourceField
 from pants.core.util_rules.adhoc_process_support import (
@@ -46,11 +47,7 @@
     resolve_execution_environment,
 )
 from pants.core.util_rules.adhoc_process_support import rules as adhoc_process_support_rules
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import (
-    EnvironmentNameRequest,
-    EnvironmentTarget,
-    resolve_environment_name,
-)
+from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentNameRequest, resolve_environment_name
 from pants.core.util_rules.system_binaries import (
     BashBinary,
     BinaryShimsRequest,

src/python/pants/backend/shell/util_rules/shell_command_test.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     ShellCommandProcessFromTargetRequest,
 )
 from pants.backend.shell.util_rules.shell_command import rules as shell_command_rules
+from pants.core.environments.target_types import LocalWorkspaceEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.goals.run import RunRequest
 from pants.core.target_types import ArchiveTarget, FilesGeneratorTarget, FileSourceField
 from pants.core.target_types import rules as core_target_type_rules
@@ -31,7 +32,6 @@
     AdhocProcessRequest,
     PreparedAdhocProcessRequest,
 )
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import LocalWorkspaceEnvironmentTarget
 from pants.core.util_rules.source_files import SourceFiles, SourceFilesRequest
 from pants.engine.addresses import Address
 from pants.engine.environment import EnvironmentName

src/python/pants/build_graph/build_configuration.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 from pants.backend.project_info.filter_targets import FilterSubsystem
 from pants.build_graph.build_file_aliases import BuildFileAliases
-from pants.core.util_rules.environments import EnvironmentsSubsystem
+from pants.core.environments.subsystems import EnvironmentsSubsystem
 from pants.engine.goal import GoalSubsystem
 from pants.engine.rules import Rule, RuleIndex
 from pants.engine.target import Target

src/python/pants/core/environments/BUILD

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Pants project contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.md).
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see LICENSE).
+
+python_sources()

src/python/pants/core/environments/subsystems.py

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Copyright 2022 Pants project contributors (see CONTRIBUTORS.md).
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (see LICENSE).
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pants.option.global_options import GlobalOptions
+from pants.option.option_types import DictOption
+from pants.option.subsystem import Subsystem
+from pants.util.strutil import help_text, softwrap
+
+
+class EnvironmentsSubsystem(Subsystem):
+    options_scope = "environments-preview"
+    help = help_text(
+        """
+        A highly experimental subsystem to allow setting environment variables and executable
+        search paths for different environments, e.g. macOS vs. Linux.
+        """
+    )
+
+    names = DictOption[str](
+        help=softwrap(
+            """
+            A mapping of logical names to addresses to environment targets. For example:
+
+                [environments-preview.names]
+                linux_local = "//:linux_env"
+                macos_local = "//:macos_env"
+                centos6 = "//:centos6_docker_env"
+                linux_ci = "build-support:linux_ci_env"
+                macos_ci = "build-support:macos_ci_env"
+
+            To use an environment for a given target, specify the name in the `environment` field
+            on that target. Pants will consume the environment target at the address mapped from
+            that name.
+
+            Pants will ignore any environment targets that are not given a name via this option.
+            """
+        )
+    )
+
+    def remote_execution_used_globally(self, global_options: GlobalOptions) -> bool:
+        """If the environments mechanism is not used, `--remote-execution` toggles remote execution
+        globally."""
+        return not self.names and global_options.remote_execution