🔥 Remove Teleportation gate

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR removes the Teleportation gate from mqt-core in preparation for the v3 launch.
It was only ever used in one routing pass in MQT QMAP that is being phased out and was hardly documented.
Might as well remove it here. Removed code is debugged code 🤷🏼

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 92.6%. Comparing base (c5b8e11) to head (838fbff).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main    #882   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   92.5%   92.6%           
=====================================
  Files        145     145           
  Lines      13841   13822   -19     
  Branches    2107    2107           
=====================================
- Hits       12810   12801    -9     
+ Misses      1031    1021   -10     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	92.3% <100.0%> (+<0.1%)	⬆️
python	98.4% <ø> (ø)

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/mqt-core/ir/operations/OpType.inc	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
...clude/mqt-core/ir/operations/StandardOperation.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/ir/QuantumComputation.cpp	94.1% <ø> (-0.1%)	⬇️
src/ir/operations/OpType.cpp	31.8% <ø> (+0.8%)	⬆️
src/ir/operations/StandardOperation.cpp	94.6% <ø> (+<0.1%)	⬆️

... and 3 files with indirect coverage changes

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