Upgrade Cortex, Prometheus and Thanos

[pracucci]

What this PR does / why we need it:
I'm in the process of upgrading Cortex and Prometheus in a downstream project (Grafana Enterprise Metrics). Unfortunately we can't upgrade it until we upgrade it in Loki too due to some breaking changes done both in Cortex and Prometheus.

Breaking changes:

• Cortex: added the ability to specific request headers to forward downstream when decoding a request (query-frontend: add option to preserve specific request headers cortexproject/cortex#4486)
• Prometheus: moved some packages (no logic change) (Move packages out of deprecated pkg directory prometheus/prometheus#9478)
• Prometheus: defined data types for series ref (TSDB: Use a dedicated head chunk reference type prometheus/prometheus#9501 TSDB: demistify seriesRefs and ChunkRefs prometheus/prometheus#9536)
  • All data types are uint64 so there's no logic change

How I addressed the changes:

• Cortex: request headers to foward
  • Do not forward any request header (previous logic is preserved, we didn't forward any request header)
• Prometheus: moved some packages
  • I just renamed the imports
• Prometheus: defined data types for series ref
  • I kept the same pattern used in Prometheus: in-memory series ref have been converted to chunks.HeadSeriesRef while when working with TSDB interfaces I used storage.SeriesRef (Prometheus TSDB does the same). Again, both types are uint64 and Loki was using uint64 before so I don't expect any logic change.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
N/A

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Add an entry in the CHANGELOG.md about the changes.

[pracucci]

I'm investigating the failing TestIngesterWALReplaysUnorderedToOrdered.

[pracucci]

I'm investigating the failing TestIngesterWALReplaysUnorderedToOrdered.

Fixed in this commit: db2c5ff

[pracucci]

github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/httpconfig

vendor/github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/httpconfig/http.go:94:28: constant 90000000000 overflows int
vendor/github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/httpconfig/http.go:95:28: constant 10000000000 overflows int
vendor/github.com/thanos-io/thanos/pkg/httpconfig/http.go:97:28: constant 10000000000 overflows int

I'm on it.

[dannykopping]

LGTM, thanks a lot @pracucci
Once you've resolved that overflow issue and CI passes, please ping me and I'll merge