[erlc] hang forever on tiny input

[RobinMorisset]

Describe the bug
erlc hangs (or at least takes more than 1mn, I did not wait longer) on the following code:

-module(timeout).
-compile([export_all]).

f1(X) ->
    [0 || _ <- <<>>, _ <- X].

f2() ->
    f1(<<0 || {}>>).

Expected behavior
I expect erlc to either compile or reject any input, but not hang forever on 5 small lines of input.

Affected versions
I tried the following:

• master
• master + cherry-picking 28fce1f, fac1f71, and e00a31e

The bug reproduces on both builds.