[#210] Initial setup for C language binding

[elBoberido]

Notes for Reviewer

This PR creates the initial setup for the C language bindings

• build the actual package on all supported platforms
• build the examples (in tree and out-of-tree)
• CI setup

I still need to add some content to the readmes

Pre-Review Checklist for the PR Author

1. Add sensible notes for the reviewer
2. PR title is short, expressive and meaningful
3. Relevant issues are linked in the References section
4. Every source code file has a copyright header with SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 OR MIT
5. Branch follows the naming format (iox2-123-introduce-posix-ipc-example)
6. Commits messages are according to this guideline
   • Commit messages have the issue ID ([#123] Add posix ipc example)
   • Commit author matches Eclipse Contributor Agreement (and ECA is signed)
7. Tests follow the best practice for testing
8. Changelog updated in the unreleased section including API breaking changes
9. Assign PR to reviewer
10. All checks have passed (except task-list-completed)

Checklist for the PR Reviewer

• Commits are properly organized and messages are according to the guideline
• Unit tests have been written for new behavior
• Public API is documented
• PR title describes the changes

Post-review Checklist for the PR Author

1. All open points are addressed and tracked via issues

References

Relates to #210

[elfenpiff]

@elBoberido I tested it and everything works great. The first step into C land feels great.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 0% with 116 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 79.27%. Comparing base (dcfaf01) to head (ec4701c).
Report is 18 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #227      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   79.71%   79.27%   -0.45%     
==========================================
  Files         186      190       +4     
  Lines       20575    20943     +368     
==========================================
+ Hits        16401    16602     +201     
- Misses       4174     4341     +167     

Files	Coverage Δ
iceoryx2-ffi/ffi/src/lib.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
iceoryx2-ffi/ffi/src/subscriber.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)
iceoryx2-ffi/ffi/src/publisher.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (ø)

... and 14 files with indirect coverage changes

[elfenpiff]

It looks great out of the box. I reviewed every file again to find something to criticize, but it is perfect.