Update to Go 1.22.7

[dsabsay]

What this PR does:

• Update build-image tag in build automation scripts (patches golang version)
  Update golang patch version in build-image #6216

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]

[dsabsay]

I suspect a race condition in the e2e tests:

18:01:44 store-gateway: docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/e2e-cortex-test-store-gateway" is already in use by container "5612acaad4d77427ad8dd57bd452d82ead2421ff14b837a740684034373943a8". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.
18:01:44 store-gateway: See 'docker run --help'.
    backward_compatibility_test.go:273: 
        	Error Trace:	/home/runner/work/cortex/cortex/integration/backward_compatibility_test.go:273
        	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
        	            	docker container store-gateway failed to start: exit status 1
        	Test:       	

[friedrichg]

thanks!