🎨 MQT Bench Update: New device structure and device, code refactoring, and further improvements

[nquetschlich]

This PR

1. removes the Provider class (resolves Remove the Provider concept and replace it with base classes of Devices  #387)
2. removes the placement option for the mapped TKET quantum circuits
3. removes the frontend and evaluation submodules
4. adds a new IBM device: ibmq_torino (and, with that, resolves Add 433-Qubit IBM Device with new native gate set #220 kind of)
5. improves the Device class structure
6. refactors the tests to accelerate the test execution time
7. renames the random circuit (resolves Rename random benchmark because of shadowing python's module with the same name #368)
8. adds a qasm3 export function (resolves ✨ OpenQASM 3.0 support #389)
9. adds the Bernstein-Vazarani algorithm
10. removes all benchmarks relying on not-maintained-anymore dependencies qiskit_algorithms, qiskit_optimization, and qiskit_nature (making 🔥Remove most of the qiskit application module benchmarks #404 obsolete and resolves ✨ Removal of deprecated dependencies #390 as well as resolves ✨ Improving documentation to make it more explicit which benchmarks trigger an optimization procedure when generated #388)
11. renames the vqe ansatz circuit benchmarks and rewrote the qaoa benchmark to not use the qiskit application libraries anymore
12. adds a algorithm level benchmark generation function for qiskit that only supports qasm3

As a consequence of this PR, the get_benchmark function parameter name changed since it does not need the provider anymore but a gateset. However, this allows one to easily generate benchmarks for custom gatesets.

This PR comes with multiple breaking changes.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.73387% with 41 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 92.4%. Comparing base (fe8f101) to head (02238ad).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/mqt/bench/benchmark_generator.py	18.0%	41 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #429     +/-   ##
=======================================
- Coverage   92.8%   92.4%   -0.4%     
=======================================
  Files         43      35      -8     
  Lines       1969    1591    -378     
=======================================
- Hits        1828    1471    -357     
+ Misses       141     120     -21     

Flag	Coverage Δ
python	92.4% <91.7%> (-0.4%)	⬇️

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[burgholzer]

I just rebased this branch on the current main and cleaned up the history a little bit.
Hopefully this makes it easier to extract individual PRs out of here.
I'd hope to iteratively move something out of the PR here into a separate PR and then rebase here.
Let's see how that goes.