Web support for atmosphere (#18582)

# Objective

Add web support to atmosphere by gating dual source blending and using a
macro to determine the target platform.
The main objective of this PR is to ensure that users of Bevy's
atmosphere feature can also run it in a web-based context where WebGPU
support is enabled.

## Solution

- Make use of the `#[cfg(not(target_arch = "wasm32"))]` macro to gate
the dual source blending, as this is not (yet) supported in web
browsers.
- Rename the function `sample_sun_illuminance` to `sample_sun_radiance`
and move calls out of conditionals to ensure the shader compiles and
runs in both native and web-based contexts.
- Moved the multiplication of the transmittance out when calculating the
sun color, because calling the `sample_sun_illuminance` function was
causing issues in web. Overall this results in cleaner code and more
readable.

## Testing

- Tested by building a wasm target and loading it in a web page with
Vite dev server using `mate-h/bevy-webgpu` repo template.
- Tested the native build with `cargo run --example atmosphere` to
ensure it still works with dual source blending.

---

## Showcase

Screenshots show the atmosphere example running in two different
contexts:

<img width="1281" alt="atmosphere-web-showcase"
src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/40b1ee91-89ae-41a6-8189-89630d1ca1a6"
/>

---------

Co-authored-by: JMS55 <[email protected]>

Author: mate-h

crates/bevy_pbr/src/atmosphere/functions.wgsl

@@ -277,21 +277,21 @@ fn sample_local_inscattering(local_atmosphere: AtmosphereSample, ray_dir: vec3<f
 
 const SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE: f32 = 0.0174533; // angular diameter of sun in radians
 
-fn sample_sun_illuminance(ray_dir_ws: vec3<f32>, transmittance: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
+fn sample_sun_radiance(ray_dir_ws: vec3<f32>) -> vec3<f32> {
     let r = view_radius();
     let mu_view = ray_dir_ws.y;
     let shadow_factor = f32(!ray_intersects_ground(r, mu_view));
-    var sun_illuminance = vec3(0.0);
+    var sun_radiance = vec3(0.0);
     for (var light_i: u32 = 0u; light_i < lights.n_directional_lights; light_i++) {
         let light = &lights.directional_lights[light_i];
         let neg_LdotV = dot((*light).direction_to_light, ray_dir_ws);
         let angle_to_sun = fast_acos(neg_LdotV);
         let pixel_size = fwidth(angle_to_sun);
         let factor = smoothstep(0.0, -pixel_size * ROOT_2, angle_to_sun - SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE * 0.5);
         let sun_solid_angle = (SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE * SUN_ANGULAR_SIZE) * 4.0 * FRAC_PI;
-        sun_illuminance += ((*light).color.rgb / sun_solid_angle) * factor * shadow_factor;
+        sun_radiance += ((*light).color.rgb / sun_solid_angle) * factor * shadow_factor;
     }
-    return sun_illuminance * transmittance * view.exposure;
+    return sun_radiance;
 }
 
 // TRANSFORM UTILITIES

crates/bevy_pbr/src/atmosphere/mod.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,10 @@
 //! at once is untested, and might not be physically accurate. These may be
 //! integrated into a single module in the future.
 //!
+//! On web platforms, atmosphere rendering will look slightly different. Specifically, when calculating how light travels
+//! through the atmosphere, we use a simpler averaging technique instead of the more
+//! complex blending operations. This difference will be resolved for WebGPU in a future release.
+//!
 //! [Shadertoy]: https://www.shadertoy.com/view/slSXRW
 //!
 //! [Unreal Engine Implementation]: https://github.com/sebh/UnrealEngineSkyAtmosphere
@@ -46,8 +50,6 @@ use bevy_reflect::{std_traits::ReflectDefault, Reflect};
 use bevy_render::{
     extract_component::UniformComponentPlugin,
     render_resource::{DownlevelFlags, ShaderType, SpecializedRenderPipelines},
-    renderer::RenderDevice,
-    settings::WgpuFeatures,
 };
 use bevy_render::{
     extract_component::{ExtractComponent, ExtractComponentPlugin},
@@ -159,15 +161,6 @@ impl Plugin for AtmospherePlugin {
         };
 
         let render_adapter = render_app.world().resource::<RenderAdapter>();
-        let render_device = render_app.world().resource::<RenderDevice>();
-
-        if !render_device
-            .features()
-            .contains(WgpuFeatures::DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING)
-        {
-            warn!("AtmospherePlugin not loaded. GPU lacks support for dual-source blending.");
-            return;
-        }
 
         if !render_adapter
             .get_downlevel_capabilities()

crates/bevy_pbr/src/atmosphere/render_sky.wgsl

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
         sample_transmittance_lut, sample_transmittance_lut_segment,
         sample_sky_view_lut, direction_world_to_atmosphere,
         uv_to_ray_direction, uv_to_ndc, sample_aerial_view_lut,
-        view_radius, sample_sun_illuminance, ndc_to_camera_dist
+        view_radius, sample_sun_radiance, ndc_to_camera_dist
     },
 };
 #import bevy_render::view::View;
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 
 struct RenderSkyOutput {
     @location(0) inscattering: vec4<f32>,
+#ifdef DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING
     @location(0) @second_blend_source transmittance: vec4<f32>,
+#endif
 }
 
 @fragment
@@ -33,15 +35,24 @@ fn main(in: FullscreenVertexOutput) -> RenderSkyOutput {
 
     var transmittance: vec3<f32>;
     var inscattering: vec3<f32>;
+
+    let sun_radiance = sample_sun_radiance(ray_dir_ws.xyz);
+
     if depth == 0.0 {
         let ray_dir_as = direction_world_to_atmosphere(ray_dir_ws.xyz);
         transmittance = sample_transmittance_lut(r, mu);
         inscattering += sample_sky_view_lut(r, ray_dir_as);
-        inscattering += sample_sun_illuminance(ray_dir_ws.xyz, transmittance);
+        inscattering += sun_radiance * transmittance * view.exposure;
     } else {
         let t = ndc_to_camera_dist(vec3(uv_to_ndc(in.uv), depth));
         inscattering = sample_aerial_view_lut(in.uv, t);
         transmittance = sample_transmittance_lut_segment(r, mu, t);
     }
+#ifdef DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING
     return RenderSkyOutput(vec4(inscattering, 0.0), vec4(transmittance, 1.0));
+#else
+    let mean_transmittance = (transmittance.r + transmittance.g + transmittance.b) / 3.0;
+    return RenderSkyOutput(vec4(inscattering, mean_transmittance));
+#endif
+    
 }

crates/bevy_pbr/src/atmosphere/resources.rs

@@ -326,6 +326,7 @@ pub(crate) struct RenderSkyPipelineId(pub CachedRenderPipelineId);
 pub(crate) struct RenderSkyPipelineKey {
     pub msaa_samples: u32,
     pub hdr: bool,
+    pub dual_source_blending: bool,
 }
 
 impl SpecializedRenderPipeline for RenderSkyBindGroupLayouts {
@@ -340,6 +341,15 @@ impl SpecializedRenderPipeline for RenderSkyBindGroupLayouts {
         if key.hdr {
             shader_defs.push("TONEMAP_IN_SHADER".into());
         }
+        if key.dual_source_blending {
+            shader_defs.push("DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING".into());
+        }
+
+        let dst_factor = if key.dual_source_blending {
+            BlendFactor::Src1
+        } else {
+            BlendFactor::SrcAlpha
+        };
 
         RenderPipelineDescriptor {
             label: Some(format!("render_sky_pipeline_{}", key.msaa_samples).into()),
@@ -367,7 +377,7 @@ impl SpecializedRenderPipeline for RenderSkyBindGroupLayouts {
                     blend: Some(BlendState {
                         color: BlendComponent {
                             src_factor: BlendFactor::One,
-                            dst_factor: BlendFactor::Src1,
+                            dst_factor,
                             operation: BlendOperation::Add,
                         },
                         alpha: BlendComponent {
@@ -388,6 +398,7 @@ pub(super) fn queue_render_sky_pipelines(
     pipeline_cache: Res<PipelineCache>,
     layouts: Res<RenderSkyBindGroupLayouts>,
     mut specializer: ResMut<SpecializedRenderPipelines<RenderSkyBindGroupLayouts>>,
+    render_device: Res<RenderDevice>,
     mut commands: Commands,
 ) {
     for (entity, camera, msaa) in &views {
@@ -397,6 +408,9 @@ pub(super) fn queue_render_sky_pipelines(
             RenderSkyPipelineKey {
                 msaa_samples: msaa.samples(),
                 hdr: camera.hdr,
+                dual_source_blending: render_device
+                    .features()
+                    .contains(WgpuFeatures::DUAL_SOURCE_BLENDING),
             },
         );
         commands.entity(entity).insert(RenderSkyPipelineId(id));