GH-46410: [C++] Add parquet options to Meson configuration

[WillAyd]

Rationale for this change

This continues adding functionality to the Meson configuration

What changes are included in this PR?

This adds the parquet directory to the Meson configuration

Are these changes tested?

Yes

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Add parquet option to Meson configuration #46410

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #46410 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[WillAyd]

There are a few differences with the CMake configuration worth calling out.

First, CMake has an extra option for PARQUET_MINIMAL_DEPENDENCY. This seems to maybe not be used all of that often, so I did not bother implementing here. Let me know if that is a mistake.

CMake also requires that when either the executables or examples are built that you use static libraries. My assumption is that was done to make the CMake configuration easier, so I did not place that same restriction in the Meson configuration.

Finally, CMake will fail if a pre-installed version of OpenSSL is not found and encryption is required. This configuration is not as strict, and will use Meson's wrap system to resolve the OpenSSL dependency if it is not provided by the system