Add ERC4626 Async Vaults

[ernestognw]

Fixes #4761

This PR adds two extensions for time-delayed ERC4626 operations:

ERC4626AsyncDeposit

• Queue assets with queueDeposit(), claim shares with standard deposit()
• Linear release over configurable delay (default: 1 day)
• Protects against economic attacks and controls capital inflows

ERC4626AsyncWithdraw

• Queue shares with queueRedeem(), claim assets with standard redeem()
• Linear release over configurable delay (default: 1 day)
• Prevents bank runs and controls capital outflows

Key Features

• ERC4626 Compatible: No function conflicts, uses existing claim methods
• Liquid: Gradual release allows partial claims over time
• Fair: Weighted average timestamps for multiple operations
• Priced at Execution: Exchange rates calculated when claiming
• Simple: Minimal complexity compared to ERC-7540

Essential for RWA protocols, liquid staking, and controlled capital flows.

PR Checklist

• Tests
• Documentation
• Changeset entry (run npx changeset add)

[changeset-bot]

⚠️ No Changeset found

Latest commit: f4669cd

Merging this PR will not cause a version bump for any packages. If these changes should not result in a new version, you're good to go. If these changes should result in a version bump, you need to add a changeset.

This PR includes no changesets

When changesets are added to this PR, you'll see the packages that this PR includes changesets for and the associated semver types

Click here to learn what changesets are, and how to add one.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add a changeset to this PR