CI(deps): Update dependency ubuntu to v24

[renovate]

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Type	Update	Change
ubuntu	github-runner	major	22.04 -> 24.04
ubuntu	final	major	22.04 -> 24.04

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[echoix]

Are we ready for Ubuntu 24.04? Should we wait for our workflow to be updated?

[wenzeslaus]

We should get our CI workflows updated first. Ubuntu 24.04 is in Q2 2024 – Apr-Jun in GitHub public roadmap as beta.

Alternatively, we can test these locally and update Dockerfiles then.

[echoix]

How do we handle the fact that Ubuntu doesn't provide
provide pdal anymore for versions after 22.04 (jammy)?
@wenzeslaus @nilason any ideas on the approach?

We will need to move to 24.04 LTS anyways at some point.
I was thinking of renaming the current apt file to something more close to the os+version, and to have one other package list for Ubuntu 24.04. The current package list doesn't fit 100% for Debian anyways, at least the last time I tried to do a dev container based on Debian.

[neteler]

How do we handle the fact that Ubuntu doesn't provide
provide pdal anymore for versions after 22.04 (jammy)?

We used to compile PDAL ourselves which was later removed in favor of the ready-to-use packages.
Here is the code from 2023:

grass/docker/ubuntu/Dockerfile

Line 100 in 0f2c861

## compile and install PDAL (not available on Debian/Ubuntu) with laz-perf enabled