Issue 2118

[mzitnik]

This pull request introduces support for handling default values in ClickHouse columns, including MATERIALIZED, ALIAS, and EPHEMERAL types. It adds new functionality to skip these columns during data insertion and ensures proper parsing and testing of default expressions. The most important changes are grouped below:

Enhancements to ClickHouseColumn class:

• Added a new DefaultValue enum to represent different default types (DEFAULT, MATERIALIZED, EPHEMERAL, ALIAS) and associated fields defaultValue and defaultExpression to the ClickHouseColumn class.
• Introduced getter and setter methods for defaultValue and defaultExpression in the ClickHouseColumn class.

Changes to data insertion logic:

• Updated the insert method in Client.java to skip columns with default values other than DEFAULT during data insertion.
• Modified the commitRow method in RowBinaryFormatWriter.java to similarly skip columns with MATERIALIZED, ALIAS, or other non-default values.

Schema parsing improvements:

• Enhanced TableSchemaParser to parse default_type and default_expression properties from table schema and set them in ClickHouseColumn.

New test cases:

• Added a test case testWriterWithMaterialize to validate insertion behavior with columns having various default types (MATERIALIZED, ALIAS, EPHEMERAL).
• Introduced insertSimplePOJOsWithMaterializeColumn test to verify POJO insertion with MATERIALIZED and ALIAS columns.

Additional utility class:

• Added SimplePOJO class with a method to generate table creation SQL for testing columns with default values and default expressions.## Summary

Closes #2118 #2025

Checklist

Delete items not relevant to your PR:

• Closes client.insert(...) fails if registered class doesn't match all existing columns #2118 Tableschema registration for a table with materialized view requires the registered POJO to include those columns #2025
• Unit and integration tests covering the common scenarios were added
• A human-readable description of the changes was provided to include in CHANGELOG
• For significant changes, documentation in https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-docs was updated with further explanations or tutorials

[chernser]

Should it be like Default - "Materialized" ?

[mzitnik]

According to https://clickhouse.com/docs/sql-reference/statements/create/table#default_values all are DefaultValue

[chernser]

May be lets rename it to kind or type just to avoid too many defaultValue in one place?

[mzitnik]

See my last comment, I prefer to stick with ClickHouse documentation language

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate failed

Failed conditions
54.3% Coverage on New Code (required ≥ 80%)

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