gh-100239: specialize long tail of binary operations (#128722)

Author: iritkatriel

Include/internal/pycore_code.h

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ typedef struct {
 
 typedef struct {
     _Py_BackoffCounter counter;
+    uint16_t external_cache[4];
 } _PyBinaryOpCache;
 
 #define INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP CACHE_ENTRIES(_PyBinaryOpCache)
@@ -438,7 +439,7 @@ write_u64(uint16_t *p, uint64_t val)
 }
 
 static inline void
-write_obj(uint16_t *p, PyObject *val)
+write_ptr(uint16_t *p, void *val)
 {
     memcpy(p, &val, sizeof(val));
 }
@@ -576,6 +577,16 @@ adaptive_counter_backoff(_Py_BackoffCounter counter) {
     return restart_backoff_counter(counter);
 }
 
+/* Specialization Extensions */
+
+/* callbacks for an external specialization */
+typedef int (*binaryopguardfunc)(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs);
+typedef PyObject *(*binaryopactionfunc)(PyObject *lhs, PyObject *rhs);
+
+typedef struct {
+    binaryopguardfunc guard;
+    binaryopactionfunc action;
+} _PyBinaryOpSpecializationDescr;
 
 /* Comparison bit masks. */
 

Include/internal/pycore_magic_number.h

@@ -266,6 +266,7 @@ Known values:
     Python 3.14a4 3611 (Add NOT_TAKEN instruction)
     Python 3.14a4 3612 (Add POP_ITER and INSTRUMENTED_POP_ITER)
     Python 3.14a4 3613 (Add LOAD_CONST_MORTAL instruction)
+    Python 3.14a5 3614 (Add BINARY_OP_EXTEND)
 
     Python 3.15 will start with 3650
 
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@ PC/launcher.c must also be updated.
 
 */
 
-#define PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER 3613
+#define PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER 3614
 /* This is equivalent to converting PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER to 2 bytes
    (little-endian) and then appending b'\r\n'. */
 #define PYC_MAGIC_NUMBER_TOKEN \