Higher order this parameter inference, like microsoft#31116

Author: jablko

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -23506,7 +23506,7 @@ namespace ts {
             const thisType = getThisTypeOfSignature(signature);
             if (thisType) {
                 const thisArgumentNode = getThisArgumentOfCall(node);
-                const thisArgumentType = thisArgumentNode ? checkExpression(thisArgumentNode) : voidType;
+                const thisArgumentType = thisArgumentNode ? checkExpressionWithContextualType(thisArgumentNode, thisType, context, checkMode) : voidType;
                 inferTypes(context.inferences, thisArgumentType, thisType);
             }