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Option.hpp
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// Copyright (c) 2017-2024, University of Cincinnati, developed by Henry Schreiner
// under NSF AWARD 1414736 and by the respective contributors.
// All rights reserved.
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
#pragma once
// IWYU pragma: private, include "CLI/CLI.hpp"
// [CLI11:public_includes:set]
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
// [CLI11:public_includes:end]
#include "Error.hpp"
#include "Macros.hpp"
#include "Split.hpp"
#include "StringTools.hpp"
#include "Validators.hpp"
namespace CLI {
// [CLI11:option_hpp:verbatim]
using results_t = std::vector<std::string>;
/// callback function definition
using callback_t = std::function<bool(const results_t &)>;
class Option;
class App;
using Option_p = std::unique_ptr<Option>;
/// Enumeration of the multiOption Policy selection
enum class MultiOptionPolicy : char {
Throw, //!< Throw an error if any extra arguments were given
TakeLast, //!< take only the last Expected number of arguments
TakeFirst, //!< take only the first Expected number of arguments
Join, //!< merge all the arguments together into a single string via the delimiter character default('\n')
TakeAll, //!< just get all the passed argument regardless
Sum, //!< sum all the arguments together if numerical or concatenate directly without delimiter
Reverse, //!< take only the last Expected number of arguments in reverse order
};
/// This is the CRTP base class for Option and OptionDefaults. It was designed this way
/// to share parts of the class; an OptionDefaults can copy to an Option.
template <typename CRTP> class OptionBase {
friend App;
protected:
/// The group membership
std::string group_ = std::string("Options");
/// True if this is a required option
bool required_{false};
/// Ignore the case when matching (option, not value)
bool ignore_case_{false};
/// Ignore underscores when matching (option, not value)
bool ignore_underscore_{false};
/// Allow this option to be given in a configuration file
bool configurable_{true};
/// Disable overriding flag values with '=value'
bool disable_flag_override_{false};
/// Specify a delimiter character for vector arguments
char delimiter_{'\0'};
/// Automatically capture default value
bool always_capture_default_{false};
/// Policy for handling multiple arguments beyond the expected Max
MultiOptionPolicy multi_option_policy_{MultiOptionPolicy::Throw};
/// Copy the contents to another similar class (one based on OptionBase)
template <typename T> void copy_to(T *other) const;
public:
// setters
/// Changes the group membership
CRTP *group(const std::string &name) {
if(!detail::valid_alias_name_string(name)) {
throw IncorrectConstruction("Group names may not contain newlines or null characters");
}
group_ = name;
return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
}
/// Set the option as required
CRTP *required(bool value = true) {
required_ = value;
return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
}
/// Support Plumbum term
CRTP *mandatory(bool value = true) { return required(value); }
CRTP *always_capture_default(bool value = true) {
always_capture_default_ = value;
return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
}
// Getters
/// Get the group of this option
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_group() const { return group_; }
/// True if this is a required option
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_required() const { return required_; }
/// The status of ignore case
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_ignore_case() const { return ignore_case_; }
/// The status of ignore_underscore
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_ignore_underscore() const { return ignore_underscore_; }
/// The status of configurable
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_configurable() const { return configurable_; }
/// The status of configurable
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_disable_flag_override() const { return disable_flag_override_; }
/// Get the current delimiter char
CLI11_NODISCARD char get_delimiter() const { return delimiter_; }
/// Return true if this will automatically capture the default value for help printing
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_always_capture_default() const { return always_capture_default_; }
/// The status of the multi option policy
CLI11_NODISCARD MultiOptionPolicy get_multi_option_policy() const { return multi_option_policy_; }
// Shortcuts for multi option policy
/// Set the multi option policy to take last
CRTP *take_last() {
auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeLast);
return self;
}
/// Set the multi option policy to take last
CRTP *take_first() {
auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeFirst);
return self;
}
/// Set the multi option policy to take all arguments
CRTP *take_all() {
auto self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::TakeAll);
return self;
}
/// Set the multi option policy to join
CRTP *join() {
auto *self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::Join);
return self;
}
/// Set the multi option policy to join with a specific delimiter
CRTP *join(char delim) {
auto self = static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
self->delimiter_ = delim;
self->multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy::Join);
return self;
}
/// Allow in a configuration file
CRTP *configurable(bool value = true) {
configurable_ = value;
return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
}
/// Allow in a configuration file
CRTP *delimiter(char value = '\0') {
delimiter_ = value;
return static_cast<CRTP *>(this);
}
};
/// This is a version of OptionBase that only supports setting values,
/// for defaults. It is stored as the default option in an App.
class OptionDefaults : public OptionBase<OptionDefaults> {
public:
OptionDefaults() = default;
// Methods here need a different implementation if they are Option vs. OptionDefault
/// Take the last argument if given multiple times
OptionDefaults *multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy value = MultiOptionPolicy::Throw) {
multi_option_policy_ = value;
return this;
}
/// Ignore the case of the option name
OptionDefaults *ignore_case(bool value = true) {
ignore_case_ = value;
return this;
}
/// Ignore underscores in the option name
OptionDefaults *ignore_underscore(bool value = true) {
ignore_underscore_ = value;
return this;
}
/// Disable overriding flag values with an '=<value>' segment
OptionDefaults *disable_flag_override(bool value = true) {
disable_flag_override_ = value;
return this;
}
/// set a delimiter character to split up single arguments to treat as multiple inputs
OptionDefaults *delimiter(char value = '\0') {
delimiter_ = value;
return this;
}
};
class Option : public OptionBase<Option> {
friend App;
protected:
/// @name Names
///@{
/// A list of the short names (`-a`) without the leading dashes
std::vector<std::string> snames_{};
/// A list of the long names (`--long`) without the leading dashes
std::vector<std::string> lnames_{};
/// A list of the flag names with the appropriate default value, the first part of the pair should be duplicates of
/// what is in snames or lnames but will trigger a particular response on a flag
std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> default_flag_values_{};
/// a list of flag names with specified default values;
std::vector<std::string> fnames_{};
/// A positional name
std::string pname_{};
/// If given, check the environment for this option
std::string envname_{};
///@}
/// @name Help
///@{
/// The description for help strings
std::string description_{};
/// A human readable default value, either manually set, captured, or captured by default
std::string default_str_{};
/// If given, replace the text that describes the option type and usage in the help text
std::string option_text_{};
/// A human readable type value, set when App creates this
///
/// This is a lambda function so "types" can be dynamic, such as when a set prints its contents.
std::function<std::string()> type_name_{[]() { return std::string(); }};
/// Run this function to capture a default (ignore if empty)
std::function<std::string()> default_function_{};
///@}
/// @name Configuration
///@{
/// The number of arguments that make up one option. max is the nominal type size, min is the minimum number of
/// strings
int type_size_max_{1};
/// The minimum number of arguments an option should be expecting
int type_size_min_{1};
/// The minimum number of expected values
int expected_min_{1};
/// The maximum number of expected values
int expected_max_{1};
/// A list of Validators to run on each value parsed
std::vector<Validator> validators_{};
/// A list of options that are required with this option
std::set<Option *> needs_{};
/// A list of options that are excluded with this option
std::set<Option *> excludes_{};
///@}
/// @name Other
///@{
/// link back up to the parent App for fallthrough
App *parent_{nullptr};
/// Options store a callback to do all the work
callback_t callback_{};
///@}
/// @name Parsing results
///@{
/// complete Results of parsing
results_t results_{};
/// results after reduction
results_t proc_results_{};
/// enumeration for the option state machine
enum class option_state : char {
parsing = 0, //!< The option is currently collecting parsed results
validated = 2, //!< the results have been validated
reduced = 4, //!< a subset of results has been generated
callback_run = 6, //!< the callback has been executed
};
/// Whether the callback has run (needed for INI parsing)
option_state current_option_state_{option_state::parsing};
/// Specify that extra args beyond type_size_max should be allowed
bool allow_extra_args_{false};
/// Specify that the option should act like a flag vs regular option
bool flag_like_{false};
/// Control option to run the callback to set the default
bool run_callback_for_default_{false};
/// flag indicating a separator needs to be injected after each argument call
bool inject_separator_{false};
/// flag indicating that the option should trigger the validation and callback chain on each result when loaded
bool trigger_on_result_{false};
/// flag indicating that the option should force the callback regardless if any results present
bool force_callback_{false};
///@}
/// Making an option by hand is not defined, it must be made by the App class
Option(std::string option_name, std::string option_description, callback_t callback, App *parent)
: description_(std::move(option_description)), parent_(parent), callback_(std::move(callback)) {
std::tie(snames_, lnames_, pname_) = detail::get_names(detail::split_names(option_name));
}
public:
/// @name Basic
///@{
Option(const Option &) = delete;
Option &operator=(const Option &) = delete;
/// Count the total number of times an option was passed
CLI11_NODISCARD std::size_t count() const { return results_.size(); }
/// True if the option was not passed
CLI11_NODISCARD bool empty() const { return results_.empty(); }
/// This bool operator returns true if any arguments were passed or the option callback is forced
explicit operator bool() const { return !empty() || force_callback_; }
/// Clear the parsed results (mostly for testing)
void clear() {
results_.clear();
current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
}
///@}
/// @name Setting options
///@{
/// Set the number of expected arguments
Option *expected(int value);
/// Set the range of expected arguments
Option *expected(int value_min, int value_max);
/// Set the value of allow_extra_args which allows extra value arguments on the flag or option to be included
/// with each instance
Option *allow_extra_args(bool value = true) {
allow_extra_args_ = value;
return this;
}
/// Get the current value of allow extra args
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_allow_extra_args() const { return allow_extra_args_; }
/// Set the value of trigger_on_parse which specifies that the option callback should be triggered on every parse
Option *trigger_on_parse(bool value = true) {
trigger_on_result_ = value;
return this;
}
/// The status of trigger on parse
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_trigger_on_parse() const { return trigger_on_result_; }
/// Set the value of force_callback
Option *force_callback(bool value = true) {
force_callback_ = value;
return this;
}
/// The status of force_callback
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_force_callback() const { return force_callback_; }
/// Set the value of run_callback_for_default which controls whether the callback function should be called to set
/// the default This is controlled automatically but could be manipulated by the user.
Option *run_callback_for_default(bool value = true) {
run_callback_for_default_ = value;
return this;
}
/// Get the current value of run_callback_for_default
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_run_callback_for_default() const { return run_callback_for_default_; }
/// Adds a Validator with a built in type name
Option *check(Validator validator, const std::string &validator_name = "");
/// Adds a Validator. Takes a const string& and returns an error message (empty if conversion/check is okay).
Option *check(std::function<std::string(const std::string &)> Validator,
std::string Validator_description = "",
std::string Validator_name = "");
/// Adds a transforming Validator with a built in type name
Option *transform(Validator Validator, const std::string &Validator_name = "");
/// Adds a Validator-like function that can change result
Option *transform(const std::function<std::string(std::string)> &func,
std::string transform_description = "",
std::string transform_name = "");
/// Adds a user supplied function to run on each item passed in (communicate though lambda capture)
Option *each(const std::function<void(std::string)> &func);
/// Get a named Validator
Validator *get_validator(const std::string &Validator_name = "");
/// Get a Validator by index NOTE: this may not be the order of definition
Validator *get_validator(int index);
/// Sets required options
Option *needs(Option *opt) {
if(opt != this) {
needs_.insert(opt);
}
return this;
}
/// Can find a string if needed
template <typename T = App> Option *needs(std::string opt_name) {
auto opt = static_cast<T *>(parent_)->get_option_no_throw(opt_name);
if(opt == nullptr) {
throw IncorrectConstruction::MissingOption(opt_name);
}
return needs(opt);
}
/// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
template <typename A, typename B, typename... ARG> Option *needs(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
needs(opt);
return needs(opt1, args...); // NOLINT(readability-suspicious-call-argument)
}
/// Remove needs link from an option. Returns true if the option really was in the needs list.
bool remove_needs(Option *opt);
/// Sets excluded options
Option *excludes(Option *opt);
/// Can find a string if needed
template <typename T = App> Option *excludes(std::string opt_name) {
auto opt = static_cast<T *>(parent_)->get_option_no_throw(opt_name);
if(opt == nullptr) {
throw IncorrectConstruction::MissingOption(opt_name);
}
return excludes(opt);
}
/// Any number supported, any mix of string and Opt
template <typename A, typename B, typename... ARG> Option *excludes(A opt, B opt1, ARG... args) {
excludes(opt);
return excludes(opt1, args...);
}
/// Remove needs link from an option. Returns true if the option really was in the needs list.
bool remove_excludes(Option *opt);
/// Sets environment variable to read if no option given
Option *envname(std::string name) {
envname_ = std::move(name);
return this;
}
/// Ignore case
///
/// The template hides the fact that we don't have the definition of App yet.
/// You are never expected to add an argument to the template here.
template <typename T = App> Option *ignore_case(bool value = true);
/// Ignore underscores in the option names
///
/// The template hides the fact that we don't have the definition of App yet.
/// You are never expected to add an argument to the template here.
template <typename T = App> Option *ignore_underscore(bool value = true);
/// Take the last argument if given multiple times (or another policy)
Option *multi_option_policy(MultiOptionPolicy value = MultiOptionPolicy::Throw);
/// Disable flag overrides values, e.g. --flag=<value> is not allowed
Option *disable_flag_override(bool value = true) {
disable_flag_override_ = value;
return this;
}
///@}
/// @name Accessors
///@{
/// The number of arguments the option expects
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size() const { return type_size_min_; }
/// The minimum number of arguments the option expects
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size_min() const { return type_size_min_; }
/// The maximum number of arguments the option expects
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_type_size_max() const { return type_size_max_; }
/// Return the inject_separator flag
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_inject_separator() const { return inject_separator_; }
/// The environment variable associated to this value
CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_envname() const { return envname_; }
/// The set of options needed
CLI11_NODISCARD std::set<Option *> get_needs() const { return needs_; }
/// The set of options excluded
CLI11_NODISCARD std::set<Option *> get_excludes() const { return excludes_; }
/// The default value (for help printing)
CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_default_str() const { return default_str_; }
/// Get the callback function
CLI11_NODISCARD callback_t get_callback() const { return callback_; }
/// Get the long names
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_lnames() const { return lnames_; }
/// Get the short names
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_snames() const { return snames_; }
/// Get the flag names with specified default values
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::vector<std::string> &get_fnames() const { return fnames_; }
/// Get a single name for the option, first of lname, pname, sname, envname
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_single_name() const {
if(!lnames_.empty()) {
return lnames_[0];
}
if(!snames_.empty()) {
return snames_[0];
}
if(!pname_.empty()) {
return pname_;
}
return envname_;
}
/// The number of times the option expects to be included
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected() const { return expected_min_; }
/// The number of times the option expects to be included
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected_min() const { return expected_min_; }
/// The max number of times the option expects to be included
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_expected_max() const { return expected_max_; }
/// The total min number of expected string values to be used
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected_min() const { return type_size_min_ * expected_min_; }
/// Get the maximum number of items expected to be returned and used for the callback
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected_max() const {
int t = type_size_max_;
return detail::checked_multiply(t, expected_max_) ? t : detail::expected_max_vector_size;
}
/// The total min number of expected string values to be used
CLI11_NODISCARD int get_items_expected() const { return get_items_expected_min(); }
/// True if the argument can be given directly
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_positional() const { return !pname_.empty(); }
/// True if option has at least one non-positional name
CLI11_NODISCARD bool nonpositional() const { return (!lnames_.empty() || !snames_.empty()); }
/// True if option has description
CLI11_NODISCARD bool has_description() const { return !description_.empty(); }
/// Get the description
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_description() const { return description_; }
/// Set the description
Option *description(std::string option_description) {
description_ = std::move(option_description);
return this;
}
Option *option_text(std::string text) {
option_text_ = std::move(text);
return this;
}
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &get_option_text() const { return option_text_; }
///@}
/// @name Help tools
///@{
/// \brief Gets a comma separated list of names.
/// Will include / prefer the positional name if positional is true.
/// If all_options is false, pick just the most descriptive name to show.
/// Use `get_name(true)` to get the positional name (replaces `get_pname`)
CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_name(bool positional = false, ///< Show the positional name
bool all_options = false ///< Show every option
) const;
///@}
/// @name Parser tools
///@{
/// Process the callback
void run_callback();
/// If options share any of the same names, find it
CLI11_NODISCARD const std::string &matching_name(const Option &other) const;
/// If options share any of the same names, they are equal (not counting positional)
bool operator==(const Option &other) const { return !matching_name(other).empty(); }
/// Check a name. Requires "-" or "--" for short / long, supports positional name
CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_name(const std::string &name) const;
/// Requires "-" to be removed from string
CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_sname(std::string name) const {
return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), snames_, ignore_case_) >= 0);
}
/// Requires "--" to be removed from string
CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_lname(std::string name) const {
return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), lnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_) >= 0);
}
/// Requires "--" to be removed from string
CLI11_NODISCARD bool check_fname(std::string name) const {
if(fnames_.empty()) {
return false;
}
return (detail::find_member(std::move(name), fnames_, ignore_case_, ignore_underscore_) >= 0);
}
/// Get the value that goes for a flag, nominally gets the default value but allows for overrides if not
/// disabled
CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_flag_value(const std::string &name, std::string input_value) const;
/// Puts a result at the end
Option *add_result(std::string s);
/// Puts a result at the end and get a count of the number of arguments actually added
Option *add_result(std::string s, int &results_added);
/// Puts a result at the end
Option *add_result(std::vector<std::string> s);
/// Get the current complete results set
CLI11_NODISCARD const results_t &results() const { return results_; }
/// Get a copy of the results
CLI11_NODISCARD results_t reduced_results() const;
/// Get the results as a specified type
template <typename T> void results(T &output) const {
bool retval = false;
if(current_option_state_ >= option_state::reduced || (results_.size() == 1 && validators_.empty())) {
const results_t &res = (proc_results_.empty()) ? results_ : proc_results_;
retval = detail::lexical_conversion<T, T>(res, output);
} else {
results_t res;
if(results_.empty()) {
if(!default_str_.empty()) {
// _add_results takes an rvalue only
_add_result(std::string(default_str_), res);
_validate_results(res);
results_t extra;
_reduce_results(extra, res);
if(!extra.empty()) {
res = std::move(extra);
}
} else {
res.emplace_back();
}
} else {
res = reduced_results();
}
retval = detail::lexical_conversion<T, T>(res, output);
}
if(!retval) {
throw ConversionError(get_name(), results_);
}
}
/// Return the results as the specified type
template <typename T> CLI11_NODISCARD T as() const {
T output;
results(output);
return output;
}
/// See if the callback has been run already
CLI11_NODISCARD bool get_callback_run() const { return (current_option_state_ == option_state::callback_run); }
///@}
/// @name Custom options
///@{
/// Set the type function to run when displayed on this option
Option *type_name_fn(std::function<std::string()> typefun) {
type_name_ = std::move(typefun);
return this;
}
/// Set a custom option typestring
Option *type_name(std::string typeval) {
type_name_fn([typeval]() { return typeval; });
return this;
}
/// Set a custom option size
Option *type_size(int option_type_size);
/// Set a custom option type size range
Option *type_size(int option_type_size_min, int option_type_size_max);
/// Set the value of the separator injection flag
void inject_separator(bool value = true) { inject_separator_ = value; }
/// Set a capture function for the default. Mostly used by App.
Option *default_function(const std::function<std::string()> &func) {
default_function_ = func;
return this;
}
/// Capture the default value from the original value (if it can be captured)
Option *capture_default_str() {
if(default_function_) {
default_str_ = default_function_();
}
return this;
}
/// Set the default value string representation (does not change the contained value)
Option *default_str(std::string val) {
default_str_ = std::move(val);
return this;
}
/// Set the default value and validate the results and run the callback if appropriate to set the value into the
/// bound value only available for types that can be converted to a string
template <typename X> Option *default_val(const X &val) {
std::string val_str = detail::to_string(val);
auto old_option_state = current_option_state_;
results_t old_results{std::move(results_)};
results_.clear();
try {
add_result(val_str);
// if trigger_on_result_ is set the callback already ran
if(run_callback_for_default_ && !trigger_on_result_) {
run_callback(); // run callback sets the state, we need to reset it again
current_option_state_ = option_state::parsing;
} else {
_validate_results(results_);
current_option_state_ = old_option_state;
}
} catch(const CLI::Error &) {
// this should be done
results_ = std::move(old_results);
current_option_state_ = old_option_state;
throw;
}
results_ = std::move(old_results);
default_str_ = std::move(val_str);
return this;
}
/// Get the full typename for this option
CLI11_NODISCARD std::string get_type_name() const;
private:
/// Run the results through the Validators
void _validate_results(results_t &res) const;
/** reduce the results in accordance with the MultiOptionPolicy
@param[out] out results are assigned to res if there if they are different
*/
void _reduce_results(results_t &out, const results_t &original) const;
// Run a result through the Validators
std::string _validate(std::string &result, int index) const;
/// Add a single result to the result set, taking into account delimiters
int _add_result(std::string &&result, std::vector<std::string> &res) const;
};
// [CLI11:option_hpp:end]
} // namespace CLI
#ifndef CLI11_COMPILE
#include "impl/Option_inl.hpp" // IWYU pragma: export
#endif