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content/foundations/foundations_sevensteps.rst

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@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ A seven-step framework for applied geophysics
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Geophysics can play an important role in helping solve resource exploration,
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environmental, or geotechnical problems. The application of geophysics is most
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effectively carried out by following a seven-step framework. Careful thought
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and due dilligence at each step is important to achieve a final outcome.
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and due diligence at each step is important to achieve a final outcome.
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1. **Setup:** *What is the Problem?*
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- Locating buried objects
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- Obtaining 3D images of the subsurface
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Assemble prior information that might be relevant. Details for using the seven-step procedure will depend upon what information is being sought and what is available.
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Assemble prior information that might be relevant. Details for using the seven-step procedure will depend upon what information is sought and what is available.
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2. **Properties:** Understand how geologic and man-made materials of
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2. **Properties:** Understand how geologic and human-made materials of
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relevance to the problem can be characterized by physical properties. The key
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is to find a physical property of the sought object/geology that is different
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is to find a physical property of the sought object/geology that is different
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from that of the surrounding material. This is a crucial component needed to
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link geophysics with the geoscience problem being investigated. Important
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physical properties are:
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3. **Surveys:** Select a geophysical survey that is sensitive to the physical
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property of relevance to the problem. Design an effective and efficient
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methodolgy for collecting the field data. This will involve forward modelling
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methodology for collecting the field data. This will involve forward modelling
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and processing of the simulated data as well as addressing issues of noise and
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data quality. This builds realistic expectations for what information can be
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expected from analysis of the geophysical data and the overall suitability of
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expected from the analysis of the geophysical data and the overall suitability of
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the chosen survey.
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\
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4. **Data:** Carry out the field survey taking all necessary actions to ensure
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complete, high quality, and cost effective data sets. Geophysical data can be
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4. **Data:** Carry out the field survey, taking all necessary actions to ensure
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complete, high-quality, and cost-effective data sets. Geophysical data can be
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acquired in boreholes, on the surface, or in the air using aircraft. Field
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procedures must permit acquisition of high quality data, yet they must be
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economical, and safe to obtain.
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procedures must permit the acquisition of high-quality data, yet they must be
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economical and safe to obtain.
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6. **Interpretation:** Interpret results in terms of geological or
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geotechnical objectives.The goal is to draw conclusions or make decisions
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based upon the geophysical data. There are two distinct components to
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geotechnical objectives. The goal is to draw conclusions or make decisions
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based on geophysical data. There are two distinct components to
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interpretation. The first involves estimating how physical properties are
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distributed. The second involves gaining some geological understanding based
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upon those physical property distributions. Just like much of the geosciences,
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on those physical property distributions. Like much of the geosciences,
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non-uniqueness is a ubiquitous and persistent characteristic of most
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geophysical interpretations.
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7. **Synthesis:** Correlate the interpretations with prior and alternative
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information, and decide if your results are adequate for the particular
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problem. Synthesis means making sure geophysical results agree with everything
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else that is known about the problem. Also a judgement must be made about the
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effectiveness and completeness of the geophysical results, and their impact
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upon the initial geological, engineering, or geophysical question.
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else that is known about the problem. Also, a judgement must be made about the
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effectiveness and completeness of the geophysical results and their impact
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on the initial geological, engineering, or geophysical question.
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This sequence of images summarizes the framework visually.
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.. figure:: ./images/seven_steps.jpg
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:align: center
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:scale: 90 %
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All tasks in the seven-step process are inter-related, so the distinction
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All tasks in the seven-step process are interrelated, so the distinction
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between the steps can become blurred. For example, the geoscience problem will
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determine an appropriate interpretation procedure, which in turn will place
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constraints upon the survey design and choice of processing steps. Also, data
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determine an appropriate interpretation procedure, which will constraints the survey design and the choice of processing steps. Also, data
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processing, interpretation and synthesis are often tightly related. However,
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it is useful to think in terms of these seven steps because they form a
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framework, which can be employed for any application of geophysical work to
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framework which can be employed for any application of geophysical work to
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applied geoscience problems.
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1. **Setup:** Establish the geoscience objectives, consider conventional practice, and identify how geophysics might contribute.
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2. **Properties:** Characterize materials that can be expected and establish the likely physical property contrasts.
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3. **Surveys:** Determine a suitable geophysical survey, and design an effective and efficient field survey. Identify possible sources of error, noise and mis-interpretation.
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4. **Data:** Carry out the field survey, taking all necessary actions to ensure complete, high quality, and cost effective data sets.
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5. **Processing:** Plot the data, and apply appropriate processing and analysis.
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6. **Interpretation:** Interpret results in terms of physical property distribution, and then in terms of the original geoscience objectives.
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7. **Synthesis:** Combine interpretations with prior knowledge about the problem, and with other relevant information. Decide if your results are adequate for the particular problem. Iteration is usually necessary.
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3. **Surveys:** Determine a suitable geophysical survey and design an effective and efficient field survey. Identify possible sources of error, noise and misinterpretation.
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4. **Data:** Carry out the field survey, taking all necessary actions to ensure complete, high-quality, and cost-effective data sets.
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5. **Processing:** Plot the data and apply appropriate processing and analysis.
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6. **Interpretation:** Interpret results in terms of physical property distribution and then in terms of the original geoscience objectives.
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7. **Synthesis:** Combine interpretations with prior knowledge about the problem and other relevant information. Decide if your results are adequate for the particular problem. Iteration is usually necessary.
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