[pkg/ottl] Add support for localized time parsing into the timeutils (open-telemetry#34353)

**Description:** <Describe what has changed.>
Added support for localized time parsing into the
`coreinternal/timeutils` package.

The [tracking
issue](open-telemetry#32977)
is a following up to
open-telemetry#32140,
and the added function (`ParseLocalizedStrptime`) can be used later to
[add locale
support](open-telemetry#32978)
to the ottl `Time` function.

As discussed in the related issues, the plan is to have a similar
support as implemented by the library
[monday](https://github.com/goodsign/monday), making it possible to
parse non-english time strings into `time.Time` objects.
Elastic has built a new OSS library for that same purpose
([lunes](https://github.com/elastic/lunes)), that considering the
discussed requirements, seems to be a better option than `monday`. Both
libraries are just wrapper to the `time.Parse` and
`time.ParseInLocation` features. They work by translating the foreign
language value to English before calling the standard parsing functions.

The main `lunes` differences are:

1 - Performance is considerably better, ~13x faster for complete .Parse
operations:

```
BenchmarkParseLunes-10                2707008	       429.7 ns/op	     220 B/op	       5 allocs/op
BenchmarkParseMonday-10                212086	      5630   ns/op	    3753 B/op	     117 allocs/op

BenchmarkParseInLocationLunes-10      2777323	       429.4 ns/op	     220 B/op	       5 allocs/op
BenchmarkParseInLocationMonday-10      210357	      5596   ns/op	    3754 B/op	     117 allocs/op
```

Given `ParseLocalizedStrptime` uses `lunes.Translate` under the hood,
its performance is similar to the existing `ParseStrptime`, adding an
extra overhead of ~303 ns/op for translating the value before parsing:

```
BenchmarkTranslate-10            3591234	       302.4 ns/op	     220 B/op	       5 allocs/op
```

```
BenchmarkParseLocalizedStrptime-10    	  821572	    1405 ns/op	     429 B/op	       9 allocs/op
BenchmarkParseStrptime-10             	 1000000	    1082 ns/op	     186 B/op	       6 allocs/op
```

2 - Translations are based on the [CLDR](https://cldr.unicode.org/)
project, and it does support 900+ locales (vs 45+), including locales in
draft stage. Those lunes translations are
[generated](https://github.com/elastic/lunes/blob/main/generator.go)
from a CLDR core file, and does not require manually changes.

3 - Replicates all the relevant standard `time.format_test.go` test
cases, parsing foreign language values with and without layout
replacements in all available locales and supported layouts
(https://github.com/elastic/lunes/blob/main/lunes_test.go#L154).

4 - It is actively maintained (hosted under elastic repo).

**Link to tracking Issue:**
open-telemetry#32977

**Testing:** 
- Added unit tests

For now, the only way of manually testing this functionality is by
invoking the `ParseLocalizedStrptime` function manually through tests.

**Documentation:**

Author: edmocosta

.chloggen/add-time-parser-locale-support.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Use this changelog template to create an entry for release notes.
+
+# One of 'breaking', 'deprecation', 'new_component', 'enhancement', 'bug_fix'
+change_type: enhancement
+
+# The name of the component, or a single word describing the area of concern, (e.g. filelogreceiver)
+component: pkg/ottl
+
+# A brief description of the change.  Surround your text with quotes ("") if it needs to start with a backtick (`).
+note: Add support for localized time parsing into the coreinternal/timeutils
+
+# Mandatory: One or more tracking issues related to the change. You can use the PR number here if no issue exists.
+issues:
+  - 32977
+
+# (Optional) One or more lines of additional information to render under the primary note.
+# These lines will be padded with 2 spaces and then inserted directly into the document.
+# Use pipe (|) for multiline entries.
+subtext:
+
+# If your change doesn't affect end users or the exported elements of any package,
+# you should instead start your pull request title with [chore] or use the "Skip Changelog" label.
+# Optional: The change log or logs in which this entry should be included.
+# e.g. '[user]' or '[user, api]'
+# Include 'user' if the change is relevant to end users.
+# Include 'api' if there is a change to a library API.
+# Default: '[user]'
+change_logs: [api]

cmd/otelcontribcol/go.mod

@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-oidc/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd/v22 v22.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/danieljoos/wincred v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dennwc/varint v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -464,6 +464,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/elastic/go-structform v0.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-sysinfo v1.7.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-windows v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.1-0.20240621013728-1eb8caab5155 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 // indirect

cmd/otelcontribcol/go.sum

@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-structform v0.0.12 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.1-0.20240621013728-1eb8caab5155 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 // indirect

cmd/oteltestbedcol/go.mod

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect

cmd/oteltestbedcol/go.sum

@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect

connector/countconnector/go.mod

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect

connector/countconnector/go.sum

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect

connector/datadogconnector/go.mod

@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.1-0.20240621013728-1eb8caab5155 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 // indirect

connector/datadogconnector/go.sum

@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/emicklei/go-restful/v3 v3.11.0 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane v0.12.1-0.20240621013728-1eb8caab5155 // indirect
 	github.com/envoyproxy/protoc-gen-validate v1.0.4 // indirect

connector/routingconnector/go.mod

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/elastic/go-structform v0.0.12 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-sysinfo v1.14.0 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-windows v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/expr-lang/expr v1.16.9 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect

connector/routingconnector/go.sum

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/elastic/go-grok v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect

connector/sumconnector/go.mod

@@ -97,12 +97,12 @@ require (
 	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.29.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.26.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.17.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.19.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.28.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.8.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.24.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.17.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.21.1-0.20240508182429-e35e4ccd0d2d // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.23.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20240822170219-fc7c04adadcd // indirect
 	google.golang.org/grpc v1.66.0 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.34.2 // indirect

connector/sumconnector/go.sum

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/elastic/lunes v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.2 // indirect
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/knadh/koanf/providers/confmap v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/knadh/koanf/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20211012122336-39d0f177ccd0 // indirect
+	github.com/magefile/mage v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/copystructure v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/reflectwalk v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect