pythongh-127081: lock non-re-entrant *pwent calls

The libc setpwent, getpwent, and endpwent functions are not thread-safe.
Protect them with mutexs in free-threading builds.

Author: duaneg

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-04-21-00-58-04.gh-issue-127081.3DCl92.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Fix libc thread safety issues with :mod:`pwd` by locking access to
+``getpwall``.

Modules/pwdmodule.c

@@ -301,18 +301,28 @@ pwd_getpwall_impl(PyObject *module)
     struct passwd *p;
     if ((d = PyList_New(0)) == NULL)
         return NULL;
+
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    static PyMutex getpwall_mutex = {0};
+    PyMutex_Lock(&getpwall_mutex);
+#endif
     setpwent();
+
     while ((p = getpwent()) != NULL) {
         PyObject *v = mkpwent(module, p);
         if (v == NULL || PyList_Append(d, v) != 0) {
             Py_XDECREF(v);
-            Py_DECREF(d);
-            endpwent();
-            return NULL;
+            Py_CLEAR(d);
+            goto done;
         }
         Py_DECREF(v);
     }
+
+done:
     endpwent();
+#ifdef Py_GIL_DISABLED
+    PyMutex_Unlock(&getpwall_mutex);
+#endif
     return d;
 }
 #endif