feat(repo): go-ethereum v1.15.5 upstream merge (taikoxyz#395)

* accounts/usbwallet: support dynamic tx (#30180)

Adds support non-legacy transaction-signing using ledger

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

* signer/core: extended support for EIP-712 array types (#30620)

This change updates the EIP-712 implementation to resolve [#30619](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30619).

The test cases have been repurposed from the ethers.js [repository](https://github.com/ethers-io/ethers.js/blob/main/testcases/typed-data.json.gz), but have been updated to remove tests that don't have a valid domain separator; EIP-712 messages without a domain separator are not supported by geth.

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

* cmd/evm:  benchmarking via `statetest` command + filter by name, index and fork (#30442)

When `evm statetest --bench` is specified, benchmark the execution
similarly to `evm run`.

Also adds the ability to filter tests by name, index and fork. 

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

* beacon/blsync: remove cli dependencies (#30720)

This PR moves chain config related code (config file processing, fork
logic, network defaults) from `beacon/types` and `beacon/blsync` into
`beacon/params` while the command line flag logic of the chain config is
moved into `cmd/utils`, thereby removing the cli dependencies from
package `beacon` and its sub-packages.

* core/state: invoke OnCodeChange-hook on selfdestruct (#30686)

This change invokes the OnCodeChange hook when selfdestruct operation is performed, and a contract is removed. This is an event which can be consumed by tracers.

* trie/utils: remove unneeded initialization (#30472)

* travis: build and upload RISC-V docker images too (#30739)

Requested by @barnabasbusa

* core/state, triedb/database: refactor state reader (#30712)

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>

* eth/protocols/eth: add ETH68 protocol handler fuzzers (#30417)

Adds a protocol handler fuzzer to fuzz the ETH68 protocol handlers

* tests: fix test panic (#30741)

Fix panic in tests

* p2p/netutil: unittests for addrutil (#30439)

add unit tests for `p2p/addrutil`

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>

* docs: fix typo (#30740)

fixes a typo on one of the postmortems

* core/state: tests on the binary iterator (#30754)

Fixes an error in the binary iterator, adds additional testcases

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* cmd/geth: remove unlock commandline flag (#30737)

This is one further step towards removing account management from
`geth`. This PR deprecates the flag `unlock`, and makes the flag moot:
unlock via geth is no longer possible.

* build: upgrade -dlgo version to Go 1.23.3 (#30742)

New release: https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/X5KodEJYuqI

* core: fix typos (#30767)

* all: remove kilic dependency from bls12381 fuzzers (#30296)

The [kilic](https://github.com/kilic/bls12-381) bls12381 implementation
has been archived. It shouldn't be necessary to include it as a fuzzing
target any longer.

This also adds fuzzers for G1/G2 mul that use inputs that are guaranteed
to be valid. Previously, we just did random input fuzzing for these
precompiles.

* core/txpool, eth/catalyst: clear transaction pool in Rollback (#30534)

This adds an API method `DropTransactions` to legacy pool, blob pool and
txpool interface. This method removes all txs currently tracked in the
pools.

It modifies the simulated beacon to use the new method in `Rollback`
which removes previous hacky implementation that also erroneously reset
the gas tip to 1 gwei.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* rpc: run tests in parallel (#30384)

Continuation of https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30381

* version: go-ethereum v1.14.12 stable

* version: begin v1.14.13 release cycle

* version: fix typo in v1.14.13 release cycle name

* core/vm/program: evm bytecode-building utility (#30725)

In many cases, there is a need to create somewhat nontrivial bytecode. A
recent example is the verkle statetests, where we want a `CREATE2`- op
to create a contract, which can then be invoked, and when invoked does a
selfdestruct-to-self.

It is overkill to go full solidity, but it is also a bit tricky do
assemble this by concatenating bytes. This PR takes an approach that
has been used in in goevmlab for several years.

Using this utility, the case can be expressed as: 
```golang
	// Some runtime code
	runtime := program.New().Ops(vm.ADDRESS, vm.SELFDESTRUCT).Bytecode()
	// A constructor returning the runtime code
	initcode := program.New().ReturnData(runtime).Bytecode()
	// A factory invoking the constructor
	outer := program.New().Create2AndCall(initcode, nil).Bytecode()
```

We have a lot of places in the codebase where we concatenate bytes, cast
from `vm.OpCode` . By taking tihs approach instead, thos places can be made a
bit more maintainable/robust.

* core, eth, internal, cmd: rework EVM constructor (#30745)

This pull request refactors the EVM constructor by removing the
TxContext parameter.

The EVM object is frequently overused. Ideally, only a single EVM
instance should be created and reused throughout the entire state
transition of a block, with the transaction context switched as needed
by calling evm.SetTxContext.

Unfortunately, in some parts of the code, the EVM object is repeatedly
created, resulting in unnecessary complexity. This pull request is the
first step towards gradually improving and simplifying this setup.

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>

* core, eth, internal, miner: remove unnecessary parameters (#30776)

Follow-up to #30745 , this change removes some unnecessary parameters.

* internal/ethapi: remove double map-clone (#30788)

`ActivePrecompiledContracts()` clones the precompiled contract map, thus
its callsite does not need to clone it

* all: typos in comments (#30779)

fixes some typos

* trie: replace custom logic with bytes.HasPrefix (#30771)

in `trie`
- Replace custom logic with `bytes.HasPrefix`
- Remove unnecessary code in `GetNode`

* core, triedb: remove destruct flag in state snapshot (#30752)

This pull request removes the destruct flag from the state snapshot to
simplify the code.

Previously, this flag indicated that an account was removed during a
state transition, making all associated storage slots inaccessible.
Because storage deletion can involve a large number of slots, the actual
deletion is deferred until the end of the process, where it is handled
in batches.

With the deprecation of self-destruct in the Cancun fork, storage
deletions are no longer expected. Historically, the largest storage
deletion event in Ethereum was around 15 megabytes—manageable in memory.

In this pull request, the single destruct flag is replaced by a set of
deletion markers for individual storage slots. Each deleted storage slot
will now appear in the Storage set with a nil value.

This change will simplify a lot logics, such as storage accessing,
storage flushing, storage iteration and so on.

* internal/flags: fix "flag redefined" bug for alias on custom flags (#30796)

This change fixes a bug on the `DirectoryFlag` and the `BigFlag`, which would trigger a `panic` with the message "flag redefined" in case an alias was added to such a flag.

* eth/tracers/logger: fix json-logger output missing (#30804)

Fixes a flaw introduced in
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/29795 , discovered while
reviewing https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30633 .

* eth/tracers/logger: improve markdown logger (#30805)

This PR improves the output of the markdown logger a bit.

- Remove `RStack` field, 
- Move `Stack` last, since it may have very large vertical expansion
- Make the pre- and post-exec  metadata structured into a bullet-list

* internal/ethapi: remove double map-clone (#30803)

Similar to https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30788

* accounts/abi:  fix MakeTopics mutation of big.Int inputs (#30785)

#28764 updated `func MakeTopics` to support negative `*big.Int`s.
However, it also changed the behavior of the function from just
_reading_ the input `*big.Int` via `Bytes()`, to leveraging
`big.U256Bytes` which is documented as being _destructive_:

This change updates `MakeTopics` to not mutate the original, and 
also applies the same change in signer/core/apitypes.

* core/state/snapshot: simplify snapshot rebuild (#30772)

This PR is purely for improved readability; I was doing work involving
the file and think this may help others who are trying to understand
what's going on.

1. `snapshot.Tree.Rebuild()` now returns a function that blocks until
regeneration is complete, allowing `Tree.waitBuild()` to be removed
entirely as all it did was search for the `done` channel behind this new
function.
2. Its usage inside `New()` is also simplified by (a) only waiting if
`!AsyncBuild`; and (b) avoiding the double negative of `if !NoBuild`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>

* eth/ethconfig: improve error message if TTD missing (#30807)

This updates the message you get when trying to initialize Geth with
genesis.json that doesn't have `terminalTotalDifficulty`. The previous
message was a bit obscure, I had to check the code to find out what the
problem was.

* core/tracing: add GetCodeHash to StateDB (#30784)

This PR extends the tracing.StateDB interface by adding a GetCodeHash function.

* Revert "core/state/snapshot: simplify snapshot rebuild (#30772)" (#30810)

This reverts commit 23800122b37695be50565f8221858a16ce1763db.

The original pull request introduces a bug and some flaky tests are
detected because of this flaw.

```
--- FAIL: TestRecoverSnapshotFromWipingCrash (0.27s)
    blockchain_snapshot_test.go:158: The disk layer is not integrated snapshot is not constructed
{"pc":0,"op":88,"gas":"0x7148","gasCost":"0x2","memSize":0,"stack":[],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"PC"}
{"pc":1,"op":255,"gas":"0x7146","gasCost":"0x1db0","memSize":0,"stack":["0x0"],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"SELFDESTRUCT"}
{"output":"","gasUsed":"0x0"}
{"output":"","gasUsed":"0x1db2"}
{"pc":0,"op":116,"gas":"0x13498","gasCost":"0x3","memSize":0,"stack":[],"depth":1,"refund":0,"opName":"PUSH21"}
```

Before the original PR, the snapshot would block the function until the
disk layer
was fully generated under the following conditions:

(a) explicitly required by users with `AsyncBuild = false`.
(b) the snapshot was being fully rebuilt or *the disk layer generation
had resumed*.

Unfortunately, with the changes introduced in that PR, the snapshot no
longer waits
for disk layer generation to complete if the generation is resumed. It
brings lots of
uncertainty and breaks this tiny debug feature.

* cmd/evm: don't reuse state between iterations, show errors (#30780)

Reusing state between benchmark iterations resulted in inconsistent
results across runs, which surfaced in https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30778 .

If these errors are triggered again, they will now trigger panic. 

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>

* core: better document reason for dropping error on return (#30811)

Add a comment for error return of nil

Signed-off-by: wangjingcun <[email protected]>

* core/state/snapshot: handle legacy journal (#30802)

This workaround is meant to minimize the possibility for snapshot generation
once the geth node upgrades to new version (specifically #30752 )

In #30752, the journal format in state snapshot is modified by removing
the destruct set. Therefore, the existing old format (version = 0) will be
discarded and all in-memory layers will be lost. Unfortunately, the lost 
in-memory layers can't be recovered by some other approaches, and the 
entire state snapshot will be regenerated (it will last about 2.5 hours).

This pull request introduces a workaround to adopt the legacy journal if
the destruct set contained is empty. Since self-destruction has been
deprecated following the cancun fork, the destruct set is expected to be nil for
layers above the fork block. However, an exception occurs during contract 
deployment: pre-funded accounts may self-destruct, causing accounts with 
non-zero balances to be removed from the state. For example,
https://etherscan.io/tx/0xa087333d83f0cd63b96bdafb686462e1622ce25f40bd499e03efb1051f31fe49).


For nodes with a fully synced state, the legacy journal is likely compatible with
the updated definition, eliminating the need for regeneration. Unfortunately,
nodes performing a full sync of historical chain segments or encountering 
pre-funded account deletions may face incompatibilities, leading to automatic 
snapshot regeneration.

* trie: combine validation loops in VerifyRangeProof (#30823)

Small optimization. It's guaranteed that `len(keys)` == `len(values)`,
so we can combine the checks in a single loop rather than 2 separate
loops.

* all: exclude empty outputs in requests commitment (#30670)

Implements changes from these spec PRs:

- https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/8989
- https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/599

* cmd/bootnode: remove bootnode utility (#30813)

Since we don't really support custom networks anymore, we don't need the
bootnode utility. In case a discovery-only node is wanted, it can still be run using cmd/devp2p.

* core/types: add length check in CalcRequestsHash (#30829)

The existing implementation is correct when building and verifying
blocks, since we will only collect non-empty requests into the block
requests list.

But it isn't correct for cases where a requests list containing empty
items is sent by the consensus layer on the engine API. We want to
ensure that empty requests do not cause a difference in validation
there, so the commitment computation should explicitly skip them.

* triedb/pathdb: track flat state changes in pathdb (snapshot integration pt 2) (#30643)

This pull request ports some changes from the main state snapshot
integration one, specifically introducing the flat state tracking in
pathdb.

Note, the tracked flat state changes are only held in memory and won't
be persisted in the disk. Meanwhile, the correspoding state retrieval in
persistent state is also not supported yet. The states management in
disk is more complicated and will be implemented in a separate pull
request.

Part 1: https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30752

* core/state: introduce code reader interface (#30816)

This PR introduces a `ContractCodeReader` interface with functions defined:

type ContractCodeReader interface {
	Code(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error)
	CodeSize(addr common.Address, codeHash common.Hash) (int, error)
}

This interface can be implemented in various ways. Although the codebase
currently includes only one implementation, additional implementations
could be created for different purposes and scenarios, such as a code
reader designed for the Verkle tree approach or one that reads code from
the witness.

*Notably, this interface modifies the function’s semantics. If the
contract code is not found, no error will be returned. An error should
only be returned in the event of an unexpected issue, primarily for
future implementations.*

The original state.Reader interface is extended with ContractCodeReader
methods, it gives us more flexibility to manipulate the reader with additional
logic on top, e.g. Hooks.

type Reader interface {
	ContractCodeReader
	StateReader
}

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core: switch EVM tx context in ApplyMessage (#30809)

This change relocates the EVM tx context switching to the ApplyMessage function.
With this change, we can remove a lot of EVM.SetTxContext calls before
message execution.

### Tracing API changes

- This PR replaces the `GasPrice` field of the `VMContext` struct with
  `BaseFee`. Users may instead take the effective gas price from
  `tx.EffectiveGasTipValue(env.BaseFee)`.

---------

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <[email protected]>

* eth/tracers: fix state hooks in API (#30830)

When a tx/block was being traced through the API the state hooks weren't
being called as they should. This is due to #30745 moving the hooked
statedb one level up in the state processor. This PR fixes that.

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* cmd/evm: improve block/state test runner (#30633)

* unify `staterunner` and `blockrunner` CLI flags, especially around
tracing
* added support for struct logger or json logging (although having issue
#30658)
* new --cross-check flag to validate the stateless witness collection
  / execution matches stateful
* adds support for tracing the stateless execution when a tracer is set
  (to more easily debug differences)
* --human for more readable test summary
* directory or file input, so if you pass tests/spec-tests/fixtures/blockchain_tests it will execute all
blockchain tests

* fuzzing: fix oss-fuzz fuzzer (#30845)

The fuzzer added recenly to fuzz the eth handler doesn't
build on oss-fuzz, because it also has dependencies in the peer_test.go.

This change fixes it, I hope, by adding that file also for preprocessing.

* internal/debug: rename --trace to --go-execution-trace (#30846)

This flag is very rarely needed, so it's OK for it to have a verbose
name. The name --trace also conflicts with the concept of EVM tracing,
which is much more heavily used.

* eth/downloader: move SyncMode to package eth/ethconfig (#30847)

Lots of packages depend on eth/downloader just for the SyncMode type.
Since we have a dedicated package for eth protocol configuration, it
makes more sense to define SyncMode there, turning eth/downloader into
more of a leaf package.

* CODEOWNERS: add some more entries for auto assignment (#30851)

* cmd/evm, eth/tracers: refactor structlogger and make it streaming (#30806)

This PR refactors the structlog a bit, making it so that it can be used
in a streaming mode.

-------------

OBS: this PR makes a change in the input `config` config, the third
input-parem field to `debug.traceCall`. Previously, seteting it to e.g.
` {"enableMemory": true, "limit": 1024}` would mean that the response
was limited to `1024` items. Since an 'item' may include both memory and
storage, the actual size of the response was undertermined.
After this change, the response will be limited to `1024` __`bytes`__
(or thereabouts).



-----------


The commandline usage of structlog now uses the streaming mode, leaving
the non-streaming mode of operation for the eth_Call.

There are two benefits of streaming mode 
1. Not have to maintain a long list of operations, 
2. Not have to duplicate / n-plicate data, e.g. memory / stack /
returndata so that each entry has their own private slice.


---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* core/tracing: extends tracing.Hooks with OnSystemCallStartV2 (#30786)

This PR extends the Hooks interface with a new method,
`OnSystemCallStartV2`, which takes `VMContext` as its parameter.

Motivation

By including `VMContext` as a parameter, the `OnSystemCallStartV2` hook
achieves parity with the `OnTxStart` hook in terms of provided insights.
This alignment simplifies the inner tracer logic, enabling consistent
handling of state changes and internal calls within the same framework.

---------

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <[email protected]>

* trie/utils: ensure master can generate a correct genesis for kaustinen7 (#30856)

This imports the following fixes:

 - update gnark to 1.1.0
 - update go-verkle to 0.2.2
 - fix: main storage offset bug (gballet/go-ethereum#329)
 - fix: tree key generation (gballet/go-ethereum#401)

---------

Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ignacio Hagopian <[email protected]>

* core/txpool: remove unused parameter `local`  (#30871)

* core/state: enable partial-functional reader (snapshot integration pt 3) (#30650)

It's a pull request based on https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30643

In this pull request, the partial functional state reader is enabled if **legacy snapshot
is not enabled**. The tracked flat states in pathdb will be used to serve the state
retrievals, as the second implementation to fasten the state access.

This pull request should be a noop change in normal cases.

* cmd/evm: consolidate evm output switches (#30849)

This PR attempts to clean up some ambiguities and quirks from recent
changes to evm flag handling.

This PR mainly focuses on `evm run` subcommand, to use the same flags
for configuring tracing/output options as `statetest/blocktest` does.

Additionally, it adds quite a lot of tests for expected outputs of the
various subcommands, to avoid accidental changes.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core/vm: remove unnecessary comment (#30887)

* metrics, cmd/geth: change init-process of metrics (#30814)

This PR modifies how the metrics library handles `Enabled`: previously,
the package `init` decided whether to serve real metrics or just
dummy-types.

This has several drawbacks: 
- During pkg init, we need to determine whether metrics are enabled or
not. So we first hacked in a check if certain geth-specific
commandline-flags were enabled. Then we added a similar check for
geth-env-vars. Then we almost added a very elaborate check for
toml-config-file, plus toml parsing.

- Using "real" types and dummy types interchangeably means that
everything is hidden behind interfaces. This has a performance penalty,
and also it just adds a lot of code.

This PR removes the interface stuff, uses concrete types, and allows for
the setting of Enabled to happen later. It is still assumed that
`metrics.Enable()` is invoked early on.

The somewhat 'heavy' operations, such as ticking meters and exp-decay,
now checks the enable-flag to prevent resource leak.

The change may be large, but it's mostly pretty trivial, and from the
last time I gutted the metrics, I ensured that we have fairly good test
coverage.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* build: update to Go 1.23.4 (#30872)

* accounts/abi: support unpacking solidity errors (#30738)

This PR adds the error fragments to `func (abi ABI) getArguments` which
allows typed decoding of errors.

* core/state: remove pointless wrapper functions (#30891)

* p2p: fix DiscReason encoding/decoding (#30855)

This fixes an issue where the disconnect message was not wrapped in a list.
The specification requires it to be a list like any other message.

In order to remain compatible with legacy geth versions, we now accept both
encodings when parsing a disconnect message.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* internal/ethapi: add block override to estimateGas (#30695)

Add block overrides to `eth_estimateGas` to align consistency with
`eth_call`.


https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/27800#issuecomment-1658186166

Fixes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/28175

---------

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <[email protected]>

* p2p: DNS resolution for static nodes (#30822)

Closes #23210 

# Context 
When deploying Geth in Kubernetes with ReplicaSets, we encountered two
DNS-related issues affecting node connectivity. First, during startup,
Geth tries to resolve DNS names for static nodes too early in the config
unmarshaling phase. If peer nodes aren't ready yet (which is common in
Kubernetes rolling deployments), this causes an immediate failure:


```
INFO [11-26|10:03:42.816] Starting Geth on Ethereum mainnet...
INFO [11-26|10:03:42.817] Bumping default cache on mainnet         provided=1024 updated=4096
Fatal: config.toml, line 81: (p2p.Config.StaticNodes) lookup idontexist.geth.node: no such host
``` 

The second issue comes up when pods get rescheduled to different nodes -
their IPs change but peers keep using the initially resolved IP, never
updating the DNS mapping.

This PR adds proper DNS support for enode:// URLs by deferring resolution
to connection time. It also handles DNS failures gracefully instead of failing
fatally during startup, making it work better in container environments where
IPs are dynamic and peers come and go during rollouts.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* all: implement eip-7702 set code tx (#30078)

This PR implements EIP-7702: "Set EOA account code". 
Specification: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7702

> Add a new transaction type that adds a list of `[chain_id, address,
nonce, y_parity, r, s]` authorization tuples. For each tuple, write a
delegation designator `(0xef0100 ++ address)` to the signing account’s
code. All code reading operations must load the code pointed to by the
designator.

---------

Co-authored-by: Mario Vega <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* trie/pathdb: state iterator (snapshot integration pt 4) (#30654)

In this pull request, the state iterator is implemented. It's mostly a copy-paste
from the original state snapshot package, but still has some important changes
to highlight here:

(a) The iterator for the disk layer consists of a diff iterator and a disk iterator.

Originally, the disk layer in the state snapshot was a wrapper around the disk, 
and its corresponding iterator was also a wrapper around the disk iterator.
However, due to structural differences, the disk layer iterator is divided into
two parts:

- The disk iterator, which traverses the content stored on disk.
- The diff iterator, which traverses the aggregated state buffer.

Checkout `BinaryIterator` and `FastIterator` for more details.

(b) The staleness management is improved in the diffAccountIterator and
diffStorageIterator

Originally, in the `diffAccountIterator`, the layer’s staleness had to be checked 
within the Next function to ensure the iterator remained usable. Additionally, 
a read lock on the associated diff layer was required to first retrieve the account 
blob. This read lock protection is essential to prevent concurrent map read/write. 
Afterward, a staleness check was performed to ensure the retrieved data was 
not outdated.

The entire logic can be simplified as follows: a loadAccount callback is provided 
to retrieve account data. If the corresponding state is immutable (e.g., diff layers
in the path database), the staleness check can be skipped, and a single account 
data retrieval is sufficient. However, if the corresponding state is mutable (e.g., 
the disk layer in the path database), the callback can operate as follows:

```go
func(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
    dl.lock.RLock()
    defer dl.lock.RUnlock()

    if dl.stale {
        return nil, errSnapshotStale
    }
    return dl.buffer.states.mustAccount(hash)
}
```

The callback solution can eliminate the complexity for managing
concurrency with the read lock for atomic operation.

* core/vm, go.mod: update uint256 and use faster method to write to memory (#30868)

Updates geth to use the latest uint256, and use faster memory-writer

* accounts/abi/bind: make it possible to wait for tx hash (#30079)

This change adds methods which makes it possible for to wait for a transaction with a specific hash when deploying contracts during abi bind interaction.

---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>

* core: fixes for Prague fork in GenerateChain (#30924)

Adding some missing functionality I noticed while updating the hivechain
tool for the Prague fork:

- we forgot to process the parent block hash
- added `ConsensusLayerRequests` to get the requests list of the block

* build(deps): bump golang.org/x/crypto from 0.26.0 to 0.31.0 (#30921)

Bumps [golang.org/x/crypto](https://github.com/golang/crypto) from
0.26.0 to 0.31.0.

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

* core/vm: make all opcodes proper type (#30925)

Noticed this omission while doing some work on goevmlab. We don't
properly type some of the opcodes, but apparently implicit casting works
in all the internal usecases.

* core/types, internal/ethapi: fixes for prague RPC encoding (#30926)

Fixing some issues I found while regenerating RPC tests for Prague:

- Authorization signature values were not encoded as hex
- `requestsRoot` in block should be `requestsHash`
- `authorizationList` should work for `eth_call`

* cmd/evm: make evm statetest accept non-json files (#30927)

This fixes a regression introduced recently. Without this fix, it's not
possible to use statetests without `.json` suffix. This is problematic for
goevmlab `minimizer`, which appends the suffix `.min` during processing.

* core/types: updates for EIP-7702 API functions (#30933)

Here I am proposing two small changes to the exported API for EIP-7702:

(1) `Authorization` has a very generic name, but it is in fact only used
for one niche use case: authorizing code in a `SetCodeTx`. So I propose
calling it `SetCodeAuthorization` instead. The signing function is
renamed to `SignSetCode` instead of `SignAuth`.
   
(2) The signing function for authorizations should take key as the first
parameter, and the authorization second. The key will almost always be
in a variable, while the authorization can be given as a literal.

* core/types: rename SetCodeAuthorization 'v' to 'yParity'

The API spec requires the name yParity.

* cmd/evm: update tests for SetCodeAuthorization JSON encoding change (#30936)

Fixing a regression introduced by 73a4ecf675f6, which I accidentally
pushed to the master branch directly.

* core, core/types: rename AuthList to SetCodeAuthorizations (#30935)

As a follow-up to #30933, I propose to also use the SetCode prefix in
our internal APIs for the authorization list.

* params: update system contracts for prague devnet-5 (#30938)

* internal/flags: update copyright year to 2025 (#30976)

* crypto/bn256: fix MulScalar (#30974)

The `a` parameter should be used in the `MulScalar` function. The
upstream cloudflare and google repos have already merged fixes.

Reference:
*
https://cs.opensource.google/go/x/crypto/+/8d7daa0c54b357f3071e11eaef7efc4e19a417e2
* https://github.com/cloudflare/bn256/pull/33

* all: use cmp.Compare (#30958)

* eth/tracers/logger: skip system calls (#30923)

This commit makes it so that the struct logger will not emit logs while
system calls are being executed. This will make it consistent with
the JSON and MD loggers. It is as it stands hard to distinguish when
system calls are being processed vs when a tx is being processed.

---------

Co-authored-by: Sina Mahmoodi <[email protected]>

* internal/ethapi: update default simulation timestamp increment to 12 (#30981)

Update the default timestamp increment to 12s for `eth_simulate` endpoint

* core/rawdb: fix panic in freezer (#30973)

Fixes an issue where the node panics when an LStat fails with something 
other than os.ErrNotExist

closes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30968

* core/types: improve printList in DeriveSha test (#30969)

* eth/protocols/eth: prevent hanging dispatch (#30918)

This PR attempts to fix a strange test-failure (timeout) observed on a
windows-32 platform.

https://ci.appveyor.com/project/ethereum/go-ethereum/builds/51174391/job/d8ascanwwltrlqd5

A goroutine is stuck trying to deliver a response:
```
goroutine 9632 [select, 29 minutes]:
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth.(*Peer).dispatchResponse(0x314f100, 0x3e5f6d0, 0x3acbb84)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth/dispatcher.go:172 +0x2a5
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth.handleBlockHeaders({0x12abe68, 0x30021b8}, {0x12a815c, 0x40b41c0}, 0x314f100)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth/handlers.go:301 +0x173
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth.handleMessage({0x12abe68, 0x30021b8}, 0x314f100)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth/handler.go:205 +0x4f6
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth.Handle({0x12abe68, 0x30021b8}, 0x314f100)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/protocols/eth/handler.go:149 +0x33
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth.testSnapSyncDisabling.func1(0x314f100)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/sync_test.go:65 +0x33
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth.(*handler).runEthPeer(0x30021b8, 0x314f100, 0x427f648)
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/handler.go:355 +0xe65
created by github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth.testSnapSyncDisabling in goroutine 11
	C:/projects/go-ethereum/eth/sync_test.go:64 +0x54f
FAIL	github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth	1800.138s

```

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* cmd/clef: fix JS issues in documentation (#30980)

Fixes a couple of js-flaws in the docs

* triedb/pathdb: fix tester generator (#30972)

This change fixes is a rare bug in test generator: If the run is very unlucky it
can use `modifyAccountOp` / `deleteAccountOp` without creating any
account, leading to have a trie root same as the parent.

This change makes the first operation always be a creation.

* README: remove private network section from readme (#31005)

* triedb/pathdb: configure different node hasher in pathdb (#31008)

As the node hash scheme in verkle and merkle are totally different, the
original default node hasher in pathdb is no longer suitable. Therefore,
this pull request configures different node hasher respectively.

* build: upgrade golangci-lint to v1.63.4 (#31019)

This PR upgrades `golangci-lint` to v1.63.4 and fixes a warn message
which is reported by v1.63.4:

```text
WARN [config_reader] The configuration option `run.skip-dirs-use-default` is deprecated, please use `issues.exclude-dirs-use-default`.
```

Also fixes 2 warnings which are reported by v1.63.4:

```text
core/txpool/blobpool/blobpool.go:1754:12: S1005: unnecessary assignment to the blank identifier (gosimple)
        for acct, _ := range p.index {
                  ^
core/txpool/legacypool/legacypool.go:1989:19: S1005: unnecessary assignment to the blank identifier (gosimple)
        for localSender, _ := range pool.locals.accounts {
                         ^
```

* eth/tracers/logger: return revert reason (#31013)

Fix the error comparison in tracer to prevent dropping revert reason data

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: rjl493456442 <[email protected]>

* cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: using slices.SortFunc to simplify the code (#31012)


Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core/txpool/legacypool: fix flaky test TestAllowedTxSize (#30975)

- it was failing because the maximum data length (previously `dataSize`)
was set to `txMaxSize - 213` but should had been `txMaxSize - 103` and
the last call `dataSize+1+uint64(rand.Intn(10*txMaxSize)))` would
sometimes fail depending on rand.Intn.
- Maximal transaction data size comment (invalid) replaced by code logic
to find the maximum tx length without its data length
- comments and variable naming improved for clarity
- 3rd pool add test replaced to add just 1 above the maximum length,
which is important to ensure the logic is correct

* core: remove unused function parameters (#31001)

* cmd, core, miner: rework genesis setup (#30907)

This pull request refactors the genesis setup function, the major
changes are highlighted here:

**(a) Triedb is opened in verkle mode if `EnableVerkleAtGenesis` is
configured in chainConfig or the database has been initialized previously with
`EnableVerkleAtGenesis` configured**.

A new config field `EnableVerkleAtGenesis` has been added in the
chainConfig. This field must be configured with True if Geth wants to initialize 
the genesis in Verkle mode.

In the verkle devnet-7, the verkle transition is activated at genesis.
Therefore, the verkle rules should be used since the genesis. In production
networks (mainnet and public testnets), verkle activation always occurs after
the genesis block. Therefore, this flag is only made for devnet and should be
deprecated later. Besides, verkle transition at non-genesis block hasn't been
implemented yet, it should be done in the following PRs.

**(b) The genesis initialization condition has been simplified**
There is a special mode supported by the Geth is that: Geth can be
initialized with an existing chain segment, which can fasten the node sync
process by retaining the chain freezer folder.

Originally, if the triedb is regarded as uninitialized and the genesis block can
be found in the chain freezer, the genesis block along with genesis state will be
committed. This condition has been simplified to checking the presence of chain
config in key-value store. The existence of chain config can represent the genesis
has been committed.

* all: fix some typos in comments and names (#31023)

* core/types: change SetCodeTx.ChainID to uint256 (#30982)

We still need to decide how to handle non-specfic `chainId` in the JSON
encoding of authorizations. With `chainId` being a uint64, the previous
implementation just used value zero. However, it might actually be more
correct to use the value `null` for this case.

* eth/gasprice: ensure cache purging goroutine terminates with subscription (#31025)

* beacon/engine: check for empty requests (#31010)

According to
https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/blob/main/src/engine/prague.md#engine_newpayloadv4:

> Elements of the list MUST be ordered by request_type in ascending
order. Elements with empty request_data MUST be excluded from the list.

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* core: use sync.Once for SenderCacher initialization (#31029)

This changes the SenderCacher so its goroutines will only be started on first use.
Avoids starting them when package core is just imported but core.BlockChain isn't used.

* core/txpool/legacypool: ensure pending nonces are reset by SubPool.Clear (#31020)

closes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/30842

* core/tracing: document `OnCodeChange` now being called from SelfDestruct (#31007)

Co-authored-by: Sina M <[email protected]>

* all: implement state history v2 (#30107)

This pull request delivers the new version of the state history, where
the raw storage key is used instead of the hash.

Before the cancun fork, it's supported by protocol to destruct a
specific account and therefore, all the storage slot owned by it should
be wiped in the same transition.

Technically, storage wiping should be performed through storage
iteration, and only the storage key hash will be available for traversal
if the state snapshot is not available. Therefore, the storage key hash
is chosen as the identifier in the old version state history.

Fortunately, account self-destruction has been deprecated by the
protocol since the Cancun fork, and there are no empty accounts eligible
for deletion under EIP-158. Therefore, we can conclude that no storage
wiping should occur after the Cancun fork. In this case, it makes no
sense to keep using hash.

Besides, another big reason for making this change is the current format
state history is unusable if verkle is activated. Verkle tree has a
different key derivation scheme (merkle uses keccak256), the preimage of
key hash must be provided in order to make verkle rollback functional.
This pull request is a prerequisite for landing verkle.

Additionally, the raw storage key is more human-friendly for those who
want to manually check the history, even though Solidity already
performs some hashing to derive the storage location.

---

This pull request doesn't bump the database version, as I believe the
database should still be compatible if users degrade from the new geth
version to old one, the only side effect is the persistent new version
state history will be unusable.

---------

Co-authored-by: Zsolt Felfoldi <[email protected]>

* ethdb/memorydb: faster DeleteRange (#31038)

This PR replaces the iterator based DeleteRange implementation of
memorydb with a simpler and much faster loop that directly deletes keys
in the order of iteration instead of unnecessarily collecting keys in
memory and sorting them.

---------

Co-authored-by: Martin HS <[email protected]>

* cmd/abigen: require either `--abi` or `--combined-json` (#31045)

This PR addresses issue #30768 , which highlights that running
cmd/abigen/abigen --pkg my_package example.json (erroneously omitting
the --abi flag) generates an empty binding, when it should fail
explicitly.

---------

Co-authored-by: jwasinger <[email protected]>

* core/types: correct chainId check for pragueSigner (#31032)

Use zero value check for the pragueSigner

This aligns with cancunSigner and londonSigner as well.

* build: upgrade -dlgo version to Go 1.23.5 (#31037)

* core/types: initialize ChainID in SetCodeTx copy method (#31054)

* core/txpool:  terminate subpool reset goroutine if pool was closed (#31030)

if the pool terminates before `resetDone` can be read, then the
go-routine will hang.

* cmd/evm: refactor handling output-files for `t8n` (#30854)

As part of trying to make the inputs and outputs of the evm subcommands
more streamlined and aligned, this PR modifies how `evm t8n` manages
output-files.

Previously, we do a kind of wonky thing where between each transaction,
we invoke a `getTracer` closure. In that closure, we create a new
output-file, a tracer, and then make the tracer stream output to the
file. We also fiddle a bit to ensure that the file becomes properly
closed.

It is a kind of hacky solution we have in place. This PR changes it, so
that from the execution-pipeline point of view, we have just a regular
tracer. No fiddling with re-setting it or closing files.

That particular tracer, however, is a bit special: it takes care of
creating new files per transaction (in the tx-start-hook) and closing
(on tx-end-hook). Also instantiating the right type of underlying
tracer, which can be a json-logger or a custom tracer.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* eth/filters: ensure API timeoutLoop terminates with event system (#31056)

Discovered from failing test introduced
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/31033 . We should ensure
`timeoutLoop` terminates if the filter event system is terminated.

* go.mod: remove toolchain line (#31057)

We have our own system for downloading the toolchain, and really don't
want Go's to get in the way of that. We may switch to Go's builtin
toolchain support, but not now.

* cmd/evm: restore --bench flag to evm statetest (#31055)

Refactoring of the `evm` command moved where some commands were valid.
One command, `--bench`, used to work in `evm statetest`. The pluming is
still in place. This PR puts the `--bench` flag in the place the trace
flags were moved, and adds tests to validate the bench flag operates in
`run` and `statetest`

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* p2p: support configuring NAT in TOML file (#31041)

This is an alternative for #27407 with a solution based on gencodec.
With the PR, one can now configure like this:

```
# config.toml
[Node.P2P]
NAT = "extip:33.33.33.33"
```

```shell
$ geth --config config.toml
...
INFO [01-17|16:37:31.436] Started P2P networking      self=enode://[email protected]:30303
```

* go.mod: gencodec stable v0.1.0 (#31062)

* triedb/pathdb: fix state revert on v2 history (#31060)

State history v2 has been shipped and will take effect after the Cancun fork.
However, the state revert function does not differentiate between v1 and v2,
instead blindly using the storage map key for state reversion. 

This mismatch between the keys of the live state set and the state history
can trigger a panic: `non-existent storage slot for reverting`.

This flaw has been fixed in this PR.

* trie: reduce allocations in stacktrie (#30743)

This PR uses various tweaks and tricks to make the stacktrie near
alloc-free.

```
[user@work go-ethereum]$ benchstat stacktrie.1 stacktrie.7
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/trie
cpu: 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1270P
             │ stacktrie.1  │             stacktrie.7              │
             │    sec/op    │    sec/op     vs base                │
Insert100K-8   106.97m ± 8%   88.21m ± 34%  -17.54% (p=0.000 n=10)

             │   stacktrie.1    │             stacktrie.7              │
             │       B/op       │     B/op      vs base                │
Insert100K-8   13199.608Ki ± 0%   3.424Ki ± 3%  -99.97% (p=0.000 n=10)

             │  stacktrie.1   │             stacktrie.7             │
             │   allocs/op    │ allocs/op   vs base                 │
Insert100K-8   553428.50 ± 0%   22.00 ± 5%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
```
Also improves derivesha:
```
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types
cpu: 12th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1270P
                          │ derivesha.1 │             derivesha.2              │
                          │   sec/op    │    sec/op     vs base                │
DeriveSha200/stack_trie-8   477.8µ ± 2%   430.0µ ± 12%  -10.00% (p=0.000 n=10)

                          │ derivesha.1  │             derivesha.2              │
                          │     B/op     │     B/op      vs base                │
DeriveSha200/stack_trie-8   45.17Ki ± 0%   25.65Ki ± 0%  -43.21% (p=0.000 n=10)

                          │ derivesha.1 │            derivesha.2             │
                          │  allocs/op  │ allocs/op   vs base                │
DeriveSha200/stack_trie-8   1259.0 ± 0%   232.0 ± 0%  -81.57% (p=0.000 n=10)

```

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* eth/catalyst: fail on duplicate request types (#31071)

Refer to: https://github.com/ethereum/execution-apis/pull/623

* accounts/usbwallet: fix ledger access for latest firmware and add Ledger Flex (#31004)

The latest firmware for Ledger Nano S Plus now returns `0x5000` for it's
product ID, which doesn't match any of the product IDs enumerated in
`hub.go`.

This PR removes the assumption about the interfaces exposed, and simply
checks the upper byte for a match.

Also adds support for the `0x0007` / `0x7000` product ID (Ledger Flex).

* core/vm: implement EIP-2537 spec updates (#30978)

Reference:

- Remove MUL precompiles: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/8945
- Pricing change for pairing operation:
https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9098
- Pricing change for add, mapping and mul operations:
https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9097
- Pricing change for MSM operations:
https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9116

---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>

* p2p/nat: add stun protocol (#31064)

This implements a basic mechanism to query the node's external IP using
a STUN server. There is a built-in list of public STUN servers for convenience.
The new detection mechanism must be selected explicitly using `--nat=stun` 
and is not enabled by default in Geth.

Fixes #30881

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* fix README.md (#31076)

Hi
I fixed 2 minor spelling issues.

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* chore: fix various comments (#31082)

* all: nuke total difficulty (#30744)

The total difficulty is the sum of all block difficulties from genesis
to a certain block. This value was used in PoW for deciding which chain
is heavier, and thus which chain to select. Since PoS has a different
fork selection algorithm, all blocks since the merge have a difficulty
of 0, and all total difficulties are the same for the past 2 years.

Whilst the TDs are mostly useless nowadays, there was never really a
reason to mess around removing them since they are so tiny. This
reasoning changes when we go down the path of pruned chain history. In
order to reconstruct any TD, we **must** retrieve all the headers from
chain head to genesis and then iterate all the difficulties to compute
the TD.

In a world where we completely prune past chain segments (bodies,
receipts, headers), it is not possible to reconstruct the TD at all. In
a world where we still keep chain headers and prune only the rest,
reconstructing it possible as long as we process (or download) the chain
forward from genesis, but trying to snap sync the head first and
backfill later hits the same issue, the TD becomes impossible to
calculate until genesis is backfilled.

All in all, the TD is a messy out-of-state, out-of-consensus computed
field that is overall useless nowadays, but code relying on it forces
the client into certain modes of operation and prevents other modes or
other optimizations. This PR completely nukes out the TD from the node.
It doesn't compute it, it doesn't operate on it, it's as if it didn't
even exist.

Caveats:

- Whenever we have APIs that return TD (devp2p handshake, tracer, etc.)
we return a TD of 0.
- For era files, we recompute the TD during export time (fairly quick)
to retain the format content.
- It is not possible to "verify" the merge point (i.e. with TD gone, TTD
is useless). Since we're not verifying PoW any more, just blindly trust
it, not verifying but blindly trusting the many year old merge point
seems just the same trust model.
- Our tests still need to be able to generate pre and post merge blocks,
so they need a new way to split the merge without TTD. The PR introduces
a settable ttdBlock field on the consensus object which is used by tests
as the block where originally the TTD happened. This is not needed for
live nodes, we never want to generate old blocks.
- One merge transition consensus test was disabled. With a
non-operational TD, testing how the client reacts to TTD is useless, it
cannot react.

Questions:

- Should we also drop total terminal difficulty from the genesis json?
It's a number we cannot react on any more, so maybe it would be cleaner
to get rid of even more concepts.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* .github: add lint step (#31068)

* core/{.,state,vm},miner,eth/tracers,tests: implement 7709 with a syscall flag (#31036)

Same as #31015 but requires the contract to exist. Not compatible with
any verkle testnet up to now.

This adds a `isSytemCall` flag so that it is possible to detect when a
system call is executed, so that the code execution and other locations
are not added to the witness.

---------

Signed-off-by: Guillaume Ballet <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ignacio Hagopian <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* build: bump test timeout (#31095)

Travis often fails because the test times out.

* .travis.yml: change arch for Docker build to arm64 (#31096)

This is an attempt to work around a gcc issue in the Docker build.

* Revert ".travis.yml: change arch for Docker build to arm64 (#31096)"

This reverts commit 7b96ec4dae8d4ddeffc761c7757c12e2d2b8bf74.

* build: retry PPA upload up to three times (#31099)

* crypto: add IsOnCurve check (#31100)

* build: provide a flag to disable publishing in dockerx build (#31098)

This changes the `-upload` flag to just toggle the upload. The remote
image name is now configured using the `-hub` flag.

* version: begin v1.15.0 release cycle

* all: add build tags for wasip1 (#31090)

* core: implement eip-7623 floor data gas (#30946)

This PR builds on #29040 and updates it to the new version of the spec.
I filled the EEST tests and they pass.

Link to spec: https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-7623

---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* core/vm: EXTCODE* return delegation designator for 7702 (#31089)

Implements https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9248

* params: update system contract addresses for devnet-6 (#31102)

Finalize Prague system contract addresses. Reference:

* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9287
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9288
* https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9289

* eth/catalyst: fix validation of type 0 request (#31103)

I caught this error on Hive. It was introduced by
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/31071 because after adding
the equality check the request type 0 will be rejected.

* core/vm: simplify tracer hook invocation in interpreter loop (#31074)

Removes duplicate code in the interpreter loop.

* tests/fuzzers/bls12381: fix error message in fuzzCrossG2Add (#31113)

Fixes a typo in the error message within the `fuzzCrossG2Add`
function. The panic message incorrectly references "G1 point addition
mismatch" when it should be "G2 point addition mismatch," as the
function deals with G2 points.

This doesn't affect functionality but could cause confusion during
debugging. I've updated the message to reflect the correct curve.

* core/rawdb: introduce flush offset in freezer (#30392)

This is a follow-up PR to #29792 to get rid of the data file sync.

**This is a non-backward compatible change, which increments the
database version from 8 to 9**.

We introduce a flushOffset for each freezer table, which tracks the position
of the most recently fsync’d item in the index file. When this offset moves
forward, it indicates that all index entries below it, along with their corresponding
data items, have been properly persisted to disk. The offset can also be moved
backward when truncating from either the head or tail of the file.

Previously, the data file required an explicit fsync after every mutation, which
was highly inefficient. With the introduction of the flush offset, the synchronization
strategy becomes more flexible, allowing the freezer to sync every 30 seconds
instead.

The data items above the flush offset are regarded volatile and callers must ensure
they are recoverable after the unclean shutdown, or explicitly sync the freezer
before any proceeding operations.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core: copy genesis before modifying (#31097)

This PR fixes a data race in SetupGenesisWithOverride.

* params: start osaka fork (#31125)

This PR defines the Osaka fork. An easy first step to start our work on
the next hardfork

(This is needed for EOF testing as well)

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* params,core: add max and target value to chain config (#31002)

Implements [EIP-7840](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9129) and
[EIP-7691](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/d96625a4dcbbe2572fa006f062bd02b4582eefd5/EIPS/eip-7691.md).

---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* core: assign default difficulty to zero for chain without ethash (#31067)

I hit this case while trying something with the simulated backend. The
EVM only enables instruction set forks after the merge when 'Random' is
set. In the simulated backend, the random value will be set via the
engine API for all blocks after genesis. But for the genesis block
itself, the random value will not be assigned in the vm.BlockContext
because the genesis has a non-zero difficulty. For my case, this meant
that estimateGas did not work for the first transaction sent on the
simulated chain, since the contract contained a PUSH0 instruction.

This could also be fixed by explicitly configuring a zero difficulty in
the simulated backend. However, I think that zero difficulty is a better
default these days.

---------

Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* core/txpool: remove locals-tracking from txpools (#30559)

Replaces  #29297, descendant from #27535

---------

This PR removes `locals` as a concept from transaction pools. Therefore,
the pool now acts as very a good simulation/approximation of how our
peers' pools behave. What this PR does instead, is implement a
locals-tracker, which basically is a little thing which, from time to
time, asks the pool "did you forget this transaction?". If it did, the
tracker resubmits it.

If the txpool _had_ forgotten it, chances are that the peers had also
forgotten it. It will be propagated again.

Doing this change means that we can simplify the pool internals, quite a
lot.

### The semantics of `local` 

Historically, there has been two features, or usecases, that has been
combined into the concept of `locals`.

1. "I want my local node to remember this transaction indefinitely, and
resubmit to the network occasionally"
2. "I want this (valid) transaction included to be top-prio for my
miner"


This PR splits these features up, let's call it `1: local` and `2:
prio`. The `prio` is not actually individual transaction, but rather a
set of `address`es to prioritize.
The attribute `local` means it will be tracked, and `prio` means it will
be prioritized by miner.

For `local`: anything transaction received via the RPC is marked as
`local`, and tracked by the tracker.
For `prio`: any transactions from this sender is included first, when
building a block. The existing commandline-flag `--txpool.locals` sets
the set of `prio` addresses.

---------

Co-authored-by: Gary Rong <[email protected]>

* core/txpool/blobpool: fix incorrect arguments in test (#31127)

Fixes the linter on master which was broken by
https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/30559

* consensus/misc/eip4844: use head's target blobs, not parent (#31101)

A clarification was made to EIP-7691 stating that at the fork boundary
it is required to use the target blob count associated with the head
block, rather than the parent as implemented here.

See for more: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/pull/9249

* consensus/misc/eip4844: more changes for blob gas calculation (#31128)

This PR changes the signature of `CalcExcessBlobGas` to take in just
the header timestamp instead of the whole object. It also adds a sanity
check for the parent->child block order to `VerifyEIP4844Header`.

* core/tracing: state journal wrapper (#30441)

Here we add some more changes for live tracing API v1.1:

- Hook `OnSystemCallStartV2` was introduced with `VMContext` as parameter.
- Hook `OnBlockHashRead` was introduced.
- `GetCodeHash` was added to the state interface
- The new `WrapWithJournal` construction helps with tracking EVM reverts in the tracer.

---------

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* all: update license comments and AUTHORS (#31133)

* build: update to Go 1.23.6 (#31130)


Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* build: update EEST fixtures to prague devnet-6 (#31088)


Co-authored-by: lightclient <[email protected]>

* version: release go-ethereum v1.15.0

* version: begin v1.15.1 release cycle

* cmd/devp2p/internal/ethtest: remove TD from status validation (#31137)

After recent changes in Geth (removing TD):

https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/commit/39638c81c56db2b2dfe6f51999ffd3029ee212cb#diff-d70a44d4b7a0e84fe9dcca25d368f626ae6c9bc0b8fe9690074ba92d298bcc0d

Non-Geth clients are failing many devp2p tests with an error:
`peering failed: status exchange failed: wrong TD in status: have 1 want 0`

Right now only Geth is passing it - all other clients are affected by
this change. I think there should be no validation of TD when checking `Status`
message in hive tests. Now Geth has 0 (and hive tests requires 0) and
all other clients have actual TD. And on real networks there is no validation
of TD when peering

* params,core/forkid: enable prague on holesky and sepolia (#31139)

Agreed to the following fork dates for Holesky and Sepolia on ACDC 150

Holesky slot: 3710976	(Mon, Feb 24 at 21:55:12 UTC)
Sepolia slot: 7118848	(Wed, Mar 5 at 07:29:36 UTC)

* consensus/beacon: remove TestingTTDBlock (#31153)

This removes the method `TestingTTDBlock` introduced by #30744. It was
added to make the beacon consensus engine aware of the merge block in
tests without relying on the total difficulty. However, tracking the
merge block this way is very annoying. We usually configure forks in the
`ChainConfig`, but the method is on the consensus engine, which isn't
always created in the same place. By sidestepping the `ChainConfig` we
don't get the usual fork-order checking, so it's possible to enable the
merge before the London fork, for example. This in turn can lead to very
hard-to-debug outputs and validation errors.

So here I'm changing the consensus engine to check the
`MergeNetsplitBlock` instead. Alternatively, we assume a network is
merged if it has a `TerminalTotalDifficulty` of zero, which is a very
common configuration in tests.

* p2p/discover: remove unused parameter in revalidationList.get (#31155)

* p2p/discover: make discv5 response timeout configurable (#31119)

* core/txpool/legacypool: add support for SetCode transactions (#31073)

The new SetCode transaction type introduces some additional complexity
when handling the transaction pool.

This complexity stems from two new account behaviors:

1. The balance and nonce of an account can change during regular
   transaction execution *when they have a deployed delegation*.
2. The nonce and code of an account can change without any EVM execution
   at all. This is the "set code" mechanism introduced by EIP-7702.

The first issue has already been considered extensively during the design
of ERC-4337, and we're relatively confident in the solution of simply
limiting the number of in-flight pending transactions an account can have
to one. This puts a reasonable bound on transaction cancellation. Normally
to cancel, you would need to spend 21,000 gas. Now it's possible to cancel
for around the cost of warming the account and sending value
(`2,600+9,000=11,600`). So 50% cheaper.

The second issue is more novel and needs further consideration.
Since authorizations are not bound to a specific transaction, we
cannot drop transactions with conflicting authorizations. Otherwise,
it might be possible to cherry-pick authorizations from txs and front
run them with different txs at much lower fee amounts, effectively DoSing
the authority. Fortunately, conflicting authorizations do not affect the
underlying validity of the transaction so we can just accept both.

---------

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <[email protected]>

* internal/ethapi: fix panic in debug methods (#31157)

Fixes an error when the block is not found in debug methods.

* trie: copy preimage store pointer in StateTrie.Copy (#31158)

This fixes an error where executing `evm run --dump ...` omits preimages
from the dump (because the statedb used for execution is a copy of
another instance).

* go.mod: update blst to v0.3.14 (#31165)

closes https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues/31072

BLST released their newest version which includes a fix for go v.1.24:
https://github.com/supranational/blst/releases/tag/v0.3.14

I went through all commits between 0.3.14 and 0.3.13 for a sanity check

* core: sanity-check fork configuration in genesis (#31171)

This is to prevent a crash on startup with a custom genesis configuration.
With this change in place, upgrading a chain created by geth v1.14.x and
below will now print an error instead of crashing:

    Fatal: Failed to register the Ethereum service: invalid chain configuration: missing entry for fork "cancun" in blobSchedule

Arguably this is not great, and it should just auto-upgrade the config.
We'll address this in a follow-up PR for geth v1.15.2

* core/rawdb: skip setting flushOffset in read-only mode (#31173)

This PR addresses a flaw in the freezer table upgrade path.

In v1.15.0, freezer table v2 was introduced, including an additional 
field (`flushOffset`) maintained in the metadata file. To ensure 
backward compatibility, an upgrade path was implemented for legacy
freezer tables by setting `flushOffset` to the size of the index file.

However, if the freezer table is opened in read-only mode, this file 
write operation is rejected, causing Geth to shut down entirely.

Given that invalid items in the freezer index file can be detected and 
truncated, all items in freezer v0 index files are guaranteed to be
complete. Therefore, when operating in read-only mode, it is safe to
use the  freezer data without performing an upgrade.

* version: release go-ethereum v1.15.1 stable

* version: begin v1.15.2 release cycle

* core/types: create block's bloom by merging receipts' bloom (#31129)

Currently, when calculating block's bloom, we loop through all the
receipt logs to calculate the hash v…

Author: 75 people

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -1,25 +1,36 @@
 # Lines starting with '#' are comments.
 # Each line is a file pattern followed by one or more owners.
 
-accounts/usbwallet              @karalabe
-accounts/scwallet               @gballet
-accounts/abi                    @gballet @MariusVanDerWijden
-beacon/engine                   @lightclient
-cmd/clef                        @holiman
-cmd/evm                         @holiman @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient
-consensus                       @karalabe
-core/                           @karalabe @holiman @rjl493456442
-eth/                            @karalabe @holiman @rjl493456442
-eth/catalyst/                   @gballet @lightclient
+accounts/usbwallet/             @gballet
+accounts/scwallet/              @gballet
+accounts/abi/                   @gballet @MariusVanDerWijden
+beacon/engine/                  @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient @fjl
+beacon/light/                   @zsfelfoldi
+beacon/merkle/                  @zsfelfoldi
+beacon/types/                   @zsfelfoldi @fjl
+beacon/params/                  @zsfelfoldi @fjl
+cmd/clef/                       @holiman
+cmd/evm/                        @holiman @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient
+core/state/                     @rjl493456442 @holiman
+crypto/                         @gballet @jwasinger @holiman @fjl
+core/                           @holiman @rjl493456442
+eth/                            @holiman @rjl493456442
+eth/catalyst/                   @MariusVanDerWijden @lightclient @fjl @jwasinger
 eth/tracers/                    @s1na
+ethclient/                      @fjl
+ethdb/                          @rjl493456442
+event/                          @fjl
+trie/                           @rjl493456442
+triedb/                         @rjl493456442
 core/tracing/                   @s1na
 graphql/                        @s1na
-internal/ethapi                 @lightclient
-internal/era                    @lightclient
-les/                            @zsfelfoldi @rjl493456442
-light/                          @zsfelfoldi @rjl493456442
+internal/ethapi/                @fjl @s1na @lightclient
+internal/era/                   @lightclient
+metrics/                        @holiman
+miner/                          @MariusVanDerWijden @holiman @fjl @rjl493456442
 node/                           @fjl
 p2p/                            @fjl @zsfelfoldi
+rlp/                            @fjl
 params/                         @fjl @holiman @karalabe @gballet @rjl493456442 @zsfelfoldi
 rpc/                            @fjl @holiman
 signer/                         @holiman

.github/workflows/go.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,38 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
 
 jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: Lint
+    runs-on: self-hosted
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    # Cache build tools to avoid downloading them each time
+    - uses: actions/cache@v4
+      with:
+        path: build/cache
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-tools-cache-${{ hashFiles('build/checksums.txt') }}
+
+    - name: Set up Go
+      uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      with:
+        go-version: 1.23.0
+        cache: false
+
+    - name: Run linters
+      run: |
+        go run build/ci.go lint
+        go run build/ci.go check_generate
+        go run build/ci.go check_baddeps
+
   build:
     runs-on: self-hosted
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: 1.23.0
+          go-version: 1.24.0
           cache: false
       - name: Run tests
         run: go test -short ./...

.gitignore

@@ -4,16 +4,11 @@
 # or operating system, you probably want to add a global ignore instead:
 #   git config --global core.excludesfile ~/.gitignore_global
 
-/tmp
 */**/*un~
 */**/*.test
 *un~
 .DS_Store
 */**/.DS_Store
-.ethtest
-*/**/*tx_database*
-*/**/*dapps*
-build/_vendor/pkg
 
 #*
 .#*
@@ -42,19 +37,9 @@ profile.cov
 
 # IdeaIDE
 .idea
+*.iml
 
 # VS Code
 .vscode
 
-# dashboard
-/dashboard/assets/flow-typed
-/dashboard/assets/node_modules
-/dashboard/assets/stats.json
-/dashboard/assets/bundle.js
-/dashboard/assets/bundle.js.map
-/dashboard/assets/package-lock.json
-
-**/yarn-error.log
-logs/
-
 tests/spec-tests/

.golangci.yml

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 run:
   timeout: 20m
   tests: true
-  # default is true. Enables skipping of directories:
-  #   vendor$, third_party$, testdata$, examples$, Godeps$, builtin$
-  skip-dirs-use-default: true
 
 linters:
   disable-all: true
@@ -21,10 +18,14 @@ linters:
     - staticcheck
     - bidichk
     - durationcheck
-    - exportloopref
+    - copyloopvar
     - whitespace
     - revive # only certain checks enabled
-
+    - durationcheck
+    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
+    - reassign
+    - mirror
+    - usetesting
     ### linters we tried and will not be using:
     ###
     # - structcheck # lots of false positives
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ linters-settings:
         exclude: [""]
 
 issues:
+  # default is true. Enables skipping of directories:
+  #   vendor$, third_party$, testdata$, examples$, Godeps$, builtin$
+  exclude-dirs-use-default: true
   exclude-files:
     - core/genesis_alloc.go
   exclude-rules:
@@ -69,7 +73,7 @@ issues:
     - path: core/vm/contracts.go
       text: 'SA1019: "golang.org/x/crypto/ripemd160" is deprecated: RIPEMD-160 is a legacy hash and should not be used for new applications.'
   exclude:
-    - 'SA1019: event.TypeMux is deprecated: use Feed'
-    - 'SA1019: strings.Title is deprecated'
-    - 'SA1019: strings.Title has been deprecated since Go 1.18 and an alternative has been available since Go 1.0: The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly. Use golang.org/x/text/cases instead.'
-    - 'SA1029: should not use built-in type string as key for value'
+    - "SA1019: event.TypeMux is deprecated: use Feed"
+    - "SA1019: strings.Title is deprecated"
+    - "SA1019: strings.Title has been deprecated since Go 1.18 and an alternative has been available since Go 1.0: The rule Title uses for word boundaries does not handle Unicode punctuation properly. Use golang.org/x/text/cases instead."
+    - "SA1029: should not use built-in type string as key for value"

.mailmap

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@ Aaron Kumavis <[email protected]>
 Abel Nieto <[email protected]>
 Abel Nieto <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+Adrian Sutton <[email protected]>
+Adrian Sutton <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Afri Schoedon <[email protected]>
 Afri Schoedon <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -22,6 +25,9 @@ Alexey Akhunov <[email protected]>
 
 Alon Muroch <[email protected]>
 
+Andrei Silviu Dragnea <[email protected]>
+Andrei Silviu Dragnea <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Andrey Petrov <[email protected]>
 Andrey Petrov <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -51,10 +57,15 @@ Chris Ziogas <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Christoph Jentzsch <[email protected]>
 
+Daniel Liu <[email protected]>
+Daniel Liu <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Diederik Loerakker <[email protected]>
 
 Dimitry Khokhlov <[email protected]>
 
+Ha ĐANG <[email protected]>
+
 Domino Valdano <[email protected]>
 
 Edgar Aroutiounian <[email protected]>
@@ -82,6 +93,9 @@ Gavin Wood <[email protected]>
 
 Gregg Dourgarian <[email protected]>
 
+guangwu <[email protected]>
+guangwu <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Guillaume Ballet <[email protected]>
 Guillaume Ballet <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -95,13 +109,21 @@ Heiko Hees <[email protected]>
 Henning Diedrich <[email protected]>
 Henning Diedrich <[email protected]> Drake Burroughs <[email protected]>
 
+henridf <[email protected]>
+henridf <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Hwanjo Heo <[email protected]>
 
+Ikko Eltociear Ashimine <[email protected]>
+
 Iskander (Alex) Sharipov <[email protected]>
 Iskander (Alex) Sharipov <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Jae Kwon <[email protected]>
 
+James Prestwich <[email protected]>
+James Prestwich <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Janoš Guljaš <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 Janoš Guljaš <[email protected]> Janos Guljas <[email protected]>
 
@@ -120,41 +142,72 @@ Jeffrey Wilcke <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Jens Agerberg <[email protected]>
 
+Jeremy Schlatter <[email protected]>
+Jeremy Schlatter <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
+John Chase <[email protected]>
+
 Joseph Chow <[email protected]>
 Joseph Chow <[email protected]> ethers <TODO>
 
-
 Joseph Goulden <[email protected]>
 
 Justin Drake <[email protected]>
 
+Karl Bartel <[email protected]>
+Karl Bartel <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Kenso Trabing <[email protected]>
 Kenso Trabing <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+Liyi Guo <[email protected]>
+
+lmittmann <[email protected]>
+lmittmann <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Liang Ma <[email protected]>
 Liang Ma <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Louis Holbrook <[email protected]>
 Louis Holbrook <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+makcandrov <[email protected]>
+makcandrov <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Maran Hidskes <[email protected]>
 
 Marian Oancea <[email protected]>
 
 Martin Becze <[email protected]>
 Martin Becze <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+Martin Holst Swende <[email protected]>
+
 Martin Lundfall <[email protected]>
 
-Matt Garnett <[email protected]>
+Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]>
+Marius van der Wijden <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
+Matt Garnett <[email protected]>
+Matt Garnett <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Matthew Halpern <[email protected]>
 Matthew Halpern <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+meowsbits <[email protected]>
+meowsbits <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Michael Riabzev <[email protected]>
 
+Michael de Hoog <[email protected]>
+Michael de Hoog <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Nchinda Nchinda <[email protected]>
 
+Nebojsa Urosevic <[email protected]>
+
+nedifi <[email protected]>
+
 Nick Dodson <[email protected]>
 
 Nick Johnson <[email protected]>
@@ -169,6 +222,9 @@ Olivier Hervieu <[email protected]>
 Pascal Dierich <[email protected]>
 Pascal Dierich <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+Paweł Bylica <[email protected]>
+Paweł Bylica <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 RJ Catalano <[email protected]>
 RJ Catalano <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -179,8 +235,22 @@ Rene Lubov <[email protected]>
 Robert Zaremba <[email protected]>
 Robert Zaremba <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
+Roberto Bayardo <[email protected]>
+Roberto Bayardo <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Roman Mandeleil <[email protected]>
 
+Sebastian Stammler <[email protected]>
+Sebastian Stammler <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
+Seungbae Yu <[email protected]>
+Seungbae Yu <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
+Sina Mahmoodi <[email protected]>
+
+Steve Milk <[email protected]>
+Steve Milk <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Sorin Neacsu <[email protected]>
 Sorin Neacsu <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -191,8 +261,14 @@ Taylor Gerring <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Thomas Bocek <[email protected]>
 
+tianyeyouyou <[email protected]>
+tianyeyouyou <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Tim Cooijmans <[email protected]>
 
+ucwong <[email protected]>
+ucwong <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Valentin Wüstholz <[email protected]>
 Valentin Wüstholz <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
@@ -221,16 +297,14 @@ Xudong Liu <[email protected]>
 
 Yohann Léon <[email protected]>
 
+yzb <[email protected]>
+yzb <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
+
 Zachinquarantine <[email protected]>
 Zachinquarantine <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 
 Ziyuan Zhong <[email protected]>
 
 Zsolt Felföldi <[email protected]>
 
-meowsbits <[email protected]>
-meowsbits <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
-
-nedifi <[email protected]>
-
 Максим Чусовлянов <[email protected]>