✨ switch to mqt-core Python package

[burgholzer]

Description

This PR switches the project to use the newly developed mqt-core Python package.
Any Python package build will only require the mqt-core package as a build and runtime dependency and won't have to rely on fetched version of mqt-core any more.
Any regular C++ build will still use the FetchContent CMake module.

The change brings a range of advantages:

• Uses the new load function of mqt-core that allows to load any supported circuit format as input and has better handling for Qiskit QuantumCircuit objects.
• Simplifies the interfaces of the DDSIM Python bindings
• Allows OpenQASM3 as an input format.

In addition, this PR updates mqt-ddsim to most of the current best practices within the MQT.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are related to it.
• I have added appropriate tests and documentation.
• I have made sure that all CI jobs on GitHub pass.
• The pull request introduces no new warnings and follows the project's style guidelines.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 99.15966% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 93.9%. Comparing base (babc960) to head (fd95157).
Report is 26 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
include/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.hpp	0.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #336     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   92.3%   93.9%   +1.5%     
=======================================
  Files         37      37             
  Lines       2734    2648     -86     
  Branches     311     301     -10     
=======================================
- Hits        2526    2488     -38     
+ Misses       208     160     -48     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cpp	93.9% <98.7%> (-0.3%)	⬇️
python	94.0% <100.0%> (+6.6%)	⬆️

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
include/PathSimulator.hpp	97.5% <100.0%> (+2.1%)	⬆️
include/ShorSimulator.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
include/Simulator.hpp	92.6% <100.0%> (+1.1%)	⬆️
include/UnitarySimulator.hpp	100.0% <ø> (ø)
src/CircuitSimulator.cpp	87.7% <100.0%> (-3.5%)	⬇️
src/DeterministicNoiseSimulator.cpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/GroverSimulator.cpp	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
src/HybridSchrodingerFeynmanSimulator.cpp	97.7% <100.0%> (-0.1%)	⬇️
src/PathSimulator.cpp	89.9% <100.0%> (+1.0%)	⬆️
src/ShorFastSimulator.cpp	92.2% <100.0%> (-2.5%)	⬇️
... and 13 more