The pcsc-lite 2.2.x branch switched from autotools to meson and reworked the pkg-config file to be more standard, which involves some difference from the previous versions that cause the yubihsm-shell fail to build:

-includedir=/usr/include/PCSC
+includedir=${prefix}/include
[...]
-Cflags: -I${includedir} -pthread
+Cflags: -I${includedir}/PCSC

From my reading this change is ok according to the pkg-config specification as the users should make use of the provided CFLAGS to get the right include directories, instead of making the #include <PCSC/winscard.h> as done here.

I think the right solution for this is to add LIBPCSC_CFLAGS (which should come from pkg_check_modules(LIBPCSC REQUIRED libpcsclite). Not sure what would be best for Windows/OSX though so filling only an issue.

I am not a CMake expert so I tried the following change:

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index acbb392..07aacc5 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -194,6 +194,7 @@ if(NOT BUILD_ONLY_LIB)
 
   if(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Linux")
     pkg_search_module (LIBPCSC REQUIRED libpcsclite)
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} ${LIBPCSC_CFLAGS}")
   elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Windows")
     set (LIBPCSC_LDFLAGS "winscard.lib")
   elseif(${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "Darwin")

but it does not work as the LIBPCSC_CFLAGS pushes here the stray semicolon ; causing the build fail at Fedora 39:

┆ LIBPCSC_CFLAGS:INTERNAL=-I/usr/include/PCSC;-pthread                                                                                                        
┆ LIBPCSC_CFLAGS_I:INTERNAL=
┆ LIBPCSC_CFLAGS_OTHER:INTERNAL=-pthread

so it might need some more clever fix to work correctly.