[feat/docs]: improve the binary to decimal algorithm (#1263)

Author: Panquesito7

conversions/binary_to_decimal.c

@@ -1,37 +1,68 @@
 /**
-* Modified 24/05/2023, Indrranil Pawar 
-*
-* C program that converts a binary number to its decimal equivalent.
+ * @brief Converts a number from [Binary to Decimal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal).
+ * @details
+ *
+ * Binary to decimal conversion is a process to convert a number
+ * having a binary representation to its equivalent decimal representation.
+ *
+ * The base of both number systems is different.
+ * Binary number system is base 2 number system while decimal number system is base 10 number system.
+ * The numbers used in binary number system are 0 and 1 while decimal number system has numbers from 0 to 9.
+ * The conversion of binary number to decimal number is done by multiplying
+ * each digit of the binary number, starting from the rightmost digit, with the power of 2 and adding the result.
+ *
+ * @author [Anup Kumar Pawar](https://github.com/AnupKumarPanwar)
+ * @author [David Leal](https://github.com/Panquesito7)
 */
 
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdio.h>      /// for IO operations
+#include <assert.h>     /// for assert
+#include <math.h>       /// for pow
+#include <inttypes.h>   /// for uint64_t
 
-int main()
-{
-    int binary_number, decimal_number = 0, temp = 1;
-
-    // Input the binary number
-    printf("Enter any binary number: ");
-    scanf("%d", &binary_number);
-
-    // Convert binary to decimal
-    while (binary_number > 0)
-    {
-        // Extract the rightmost digit of the binary number
-        int digit = binary_number % 10;
+/**
+ * @brief Converts the given binary number
+ * to its equivalent decimal number/value.
+ * @param number The binary number to be converted
+ * @returns The decimal equivalent of the binary number
+*/
+int convert_to_decimal(uint64_t number) {
+    int decimal_number = 0, i = 0;
 
-        // Multiply the rightmost digit with the corresponding power of 2 and add to the decimal number
-        decimal_number += digit * temp;
+    while (number > 0) {
+        decimal_number += (number % 10) * pow(2, i);
+        number = number / 10;
+        i++;
+    }
 
-        // Remove the rightmost digit from the binary number
-        binary_number /= 10;
+    return decimal_number;
+}
 
-        // Increase the power of 2 for the next digit
-        temp *= 2;
-    }
+/**
+ * @brief Self-test implementations
+ * @returns void
+*/
+static void tests() {
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(111) == 7);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(101) == 5);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(1010) == 10);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(1101) == 13);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(100001) == 33);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(10101001) == 169);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(111010) == 58);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(100000000) == 256);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(10000000000) == 1024);
+    assert(convert_to_decimal(101110111) == 375);
 
-    // Output the decimal equivalent
-    printf("Decimal equivalent: %d\n", decimal_number);
+    printf("All tests have successfully passed!\n");
+}
 
+/**
+ * @brief Main function
+ * @returns 0 on exit
+*/
+int main()
+{
+    tests();  // run self-test implementations
     return 0;
 }