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Merge pull request #101 from SPAAM-community/figtree-typofixes
Fix confusing formatting figtree
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phylogenomics.qmd

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@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ If so, it means that the tree is oriented in time, such that we can define which
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We call such tree a _rooted tree_.
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Note that time-trees are rooted by definition (but the opposite is not true).
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Substitution trees are in principle unrooted, as these contain information about the genetic distance between nodes, but not about the relative age of nodes.
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Unrooted trees are best represented in a star-shaped manner (although visualization softwares such as `FigTree` present all trees as if they were rooted, by default).
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Unrooted trees are best represented in a star-shaped manner (although visualization softwares such as `figtree` present all trees as if they were rooted, by default).
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![Rooted _versus_ unrooted tree.](assets/images/chapters/phylogenomics/rooted_tree.png){#fig-phylogenomics-rooted_tree}
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_note:_ a "substitution" is a type of mutation in which a nucleotide is replaced by another.
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:::
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Since the tree is not easily visualised in `MEGA`, we will export it in newick format (a standard text format for trees) and open it in `FigTree`.
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Since the tree is not easily visualised in `MEGA`, we will export it in newick format (a standard text format for trees) and open it in `figtree`.
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This tool has a better graphical interface for visualizing and manipulating trees.
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To do that, click on `File`, then `Export current tree (Newick)` and click on `Branch Lengths` to include those in the newick annotation.
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![Exporting the tree in newick format.](assets/images/chapters/phylogenomics/10.png){#fig-phylogenomics-10}
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As said above, we will explore oun NJ tree in `FigTree`.
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As said above, we will explore oun NJ tree in `figtree`.
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Open the software (if you use the same terminal window as the one in which you ran MEGA, you might have to press ```enter``` first).
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```bash
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ Then, open the NJ tree by clicking on `File -> Open` and selecting the file with
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![Opening a tree in FigTree](assets/images/chapters/phylogenomics/11.png){#fig-phylogenomics-11}
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Note that even though a root is displayed by default in `FigTree`, NJ trees are actually _unrooted_.
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Note that even though a root is displayed by default in `figtree`, NJ trees are actually _unrooted_.
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We know that _Yersinia pseudotuberculosis_ (labelled here as _Y. pseudotuberculosis_) is an outgroup to _Yersinia pestis_.
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You can reroot the tree by selecting _Y.pseudotuberculosis_ and pressing `Reroot`.
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@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ Once the analysis has been completed, you can open the tree using `FigTree`(RAxM
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The tree estimated using this model is a substitution tree (branch lengths represent genetic distances in substitutions/site).
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As for the NJ tree, it is not oriented in time: this is an unrooted tree (displayed with a random root in Figtree).
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You can reroot the tree in `FigTree` using _Y. pseudotuberculosis_ as an outgroup, as previously.
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You can reroot the tree in `figtree` using _Y. pseudotuberculosis_ as an outgroup, as previously.
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::: {.callout-tip title="Question" appearance="simple"}
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Can you confirm the position of our genomes of interest (KZL002, GZL002, CHC004 and VLI092)?

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