diff --git a/langchain-core/.eslintrc.cjs b/langchain-core/.eslintrc.cjs
index 7743f29e2aae..29b23f23cd0a 100644
--- a/langchain-core/.eslintrc.cjs
+++ b/langchain-core/.eslintrc.cjs
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ module.exports = {
     "new-cap": ["error", { properties: false, capIsNew: false }],
     'jest/no-focused-tests': 'error',
     "arrow-body-style": 0,
+    "prefer-destructuring": 0,
   },
   overrides: [
     {
diff --git a/langchain-core/src/chat_history.ts b/langchain-core/src/chat_history.ts
index f0b3b0368ec7..3219a7c8d829 100644
--- a/langchain-core/src/chat_history.ts
+++ b/langchain-core/src/chat_history.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,20 @@ export abstract class BaseChatMessageHistory extends Serializable {
 
   public abstract addAIChatMessage(message: string): Promise<void>;
 
+  /**
+   * Add a list of messages.
+   *
+   * Implementations should override this method to handle bulk addition of messages
+   * in an efficient manner to avoid unnecessary round-trips to the underlying store.
+   *
+   * @param messages - A list of BaseMessage objects to store.
+   */
+  public async addMessages(messages: BaseMessage[]): Promise<void> {
+    for (const message of messages) {
+      await this.addMessage(message);
+    }
+  }
+
   public abstract clear(): Promise<void>;
 }
 
diff --git a/langchain-core/src/runnables/history.ts b/langchain-core/src/runnables/history.ts
index 68a649973e2c..ae42997b9543 100644
--- a/langchain-core/src/runnables/history.ts
+++ b/langchain-core/src/runnables/history.ts
@@ -149,14 +149,45 @@ export class RunnableWithMessageHistory<
   }
 
   _getInputMessages(
-    inputValue: string | BaseMessage | Array<BaseMessage>
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
+    inputValue: string | BaseMessage | Array<BaseMessage> | Record<string, any>
   ): Array<BaseMessage> {
-    if (typeof inputValue === "string") {
-      return [new HumanMessage(inputValue)];
-    } else if (Array.isArray(inputValue)) {
-      return inputValue;
+    let parsedInputValue;
+    if (
+      typeof inputValue === "object" &&
+      !Array.isArray(inputValue) &&
+      !isBaseMessage(inputValue)
+    ) {
+      let key;
+      if (this.inputMessagesKey) {
+        key = this.inputMessagesKey;
+      } else if (Object.keys(inputValue).length === 1) {
+        key = Object.keys(inputValue)[0];
+      } else {
+        key = "input";
+      }
+      if (Array.isArray(inputValue[key]) && Array.isArray(inputValue[key][0])) {
+        parsedInputValue = inputValue[key][0];
+      } else {
+        parsedInputValue = inputValue[key];
+      }
     } else {
-      return [inputValue];
+      parsedInputValue = inputValue;
+    }
+    if (typeof parsedInputValue === "string") {
+      return [new HumanMessage(parsedInputValue)];
+    } else if (Array.isArray(parsedInputValue)) {
+      return parsedInputValue;
+    } else if (isBaseMessage(parsedInputValue)) {
+      return [parsedInputValue];
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected a string, BaseMessage, or array of BaseMessages.\nGot ${JSON.stringify(
+          parsedInputValue,
+          null,
+          2
+        )}`
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -164,29 +195,46 @@ export class RunnableWithMessageHistory<
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
     outputValue: string | BaseMessage | Array<BaseMessage> | Record<string, any>
   ): Array<BaseMessage> {
-    let newOutputValue = outputValue;
+    let parsedOutputValue;
     if (
       !Array.isArray(outputValue) &&
       !isBaseMessage(outputValue) &&
       typeof outputValue !== "string"
     ) {
-      newOutputValue = outputValue[this.outputMessagesKey ?? "output"];
+      let key;
+      if (this.outputMessagesKey !== undefined) {
+        key = this.outputMessagesKey;
+      } else if (Object.keys(outputValue).length === 1) {
+        key = Object.keys(outputValue)[0];
+      } else {
+        key = "output";
+      }
+      // If you are wrapping a chat model directly
+      // The output is actually this weird generations object
+      if (outputValue.generations !== undefined) {
+        parsedOutputValue = outputValue.generations[0][0].message;
+      } else {
+        parsedOutputValue = outputValue[key];
+      }
+    } else {
+      parsedOutputValue = outputValue;
     }
 
-    if (typeof newOutputValue === "string") {
-      return [new AIMessage(newOutputValue)];
-    } else if (Array.isArray(newOutputValue)) {
-      return newOutputValue;
-    } else if (isBaseMessage(newOutputValue)) {
-      return [newOutputValue];
+    if (typeof parsedOutputValue === "string") {
+      return [new AIMessage(parsedOutputValue)];
+    } else if (Array.isArray(parsedOutputValue)) {
+      return parsedOutputValue;
+    } else if (isBaseMessage(parsedOutputValue)) {
+      return [parsedOutputValue];
+    } else {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Expected a string, BaseMessage, or array of BaseMessages. Received: ${JSON.stringify(
+          parsedOutputValue,
+          null,
+          2
+        )}`
+      );
     }
-    throw new Error(
-      `Expected a string, BaseMessage, or array of BaseMessages. Received: ${JSON.stringify(
-        newOutputValue,
-        null,
-        2
-      )}`
-    );
   }
 
   async _enterHistory(
@@ -195,29 +243,31 @@ export class RunnableWithMessageHistory<
     kwargs?: { config?: RunnableConfig }
   ): Promise<BaseMessage[]> {
     const history = kwargs?.config?.configurable?.messageHistory;
-
-    if (this.historyMessagesKey) {
-      return history.getMessages();
+    const messages = await history.getMessages();
+    if (this.historyMessagesKey === undefined) {
+      return messages.concat(this._getInputMessages(input));
     }
-
-    const inputVal =
-      input ||
-      (this.inputMessagesKey ? input[this.inputMessagesKey] : undefined);
-    const historyMessages = history ? await history.getMessages() : [];
-    const returnType = [
-      ...historyMessages,
-      ...this._getInputMessages(inputVal),
-    ];
-    return returnType;
+    return messages;
   }
 
   async _exitHistory(run: Run, config: RunnableConfig): Promise<void> {
     const history = config.configurable?.messageHistory;
 
     // Get input messages
-    const { inputs } = run;
-    const inputValue = inputs[this.inputMessagesKey ?? "input"];
-    const inputMessages = this._getInputMessages(inputValue);
+    let inputs;
+    // Chat model inputs are nested arrays
+    if (Array.isArray(run.inputs) && Array.isArray(run.inputs[0])) {
+      inputs = run.inputs[0];
+    } else {
+      inputs = run.inputs;
+    }
+    let inputMessages = this._getInputMessages(inputs);
+    // If historic messages were prepended to the input messages, remove them to
+    // avoid adding duplicate messages to history.
+    if (this.historyMessagesKey === undefined) {
+      const existingMessages = await history.getMessages();
+      inputMessages = inputMessages.slice(existingMessages.length);
+    }
     // Get output messages
     const outputValue = run.outputs;
     if (!outputValue) {
@@ -230,10 +280,7 @@ export class RunnableWithMessageHistory<
       );
     }
     const outputMessages = this._getOutputMessages(outputValue);
-
-    for await (const message of [...inputMessages, ...outputMessages]) {
-      await history.addMessage(message);
-    }
+    await history.addMessages([...inputMessages, ...outputMessages]);
   }
 
   async _mergeConfig(...configs: Array<RunnableConfig | undefined>) {
diff --git a/langchain-core/src/runnables/tests/runnable_history.test.ts b/langchain-core/src/runnables/tests/runnable_history.test.ts
index 1d1b0f45e421..494cd53b2aa4 100644
--- a/langchain-core/src/runnables/tests/runnable_history.test.ts
+++ b/langchain-core/src/runnables/tests/runnable_history.test.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-import { BaseMessage, HumanMessage } from "../../messages/index.js";
+import {
+  AIMessage,
+  AIMessageChunk,
+  BaseMessage,
+  HumanMessage,
+} from "../../messages/index.js";
 import { RunnableLambda } from "../base.js";
 import { RunnableConfig } from "../config.js";
 import { RunnableWithMessageHistory } from "../history.js";
@@ -10,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   FakeChatMessageHistory,
   FakeLLM,
   FakeListChatMessageHistory,
+  FakeListChatModel,
   FakeStreamingLLM,
 } from "../../utils/testing/index.js";
 import { ChatPromptTemplate, MessagesPlaceholder } from "../../prompts/chat.js";
@@ -73,6 +79,79 @@ test("Runnable with message history", async () => {
   expect(output).toBe("you said: hello\ngood bye");
 });
 
+test("Runnable with message history with a chat model", async () => {
+  const runnable = new FakeListChatModel({
+    responses: ["Hello world!"],
+  });
+
+  const getMessageHistory = await getGetSessionHistory();
+  const withHistory = new RunnableWithMessageHistory({
+    runnable,
+    config: {},
+    getMessageHistory,
+  });
+  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "2" } };
+  const output = await withHistory.invoke([new HumanMessage("hello")], config);
+  expect(output.content).toBe("Hello world!");
+  const stream = await withHistory.stream(
+    [new HumanMessage("good bye")],
+    config
+  );
+  const chunks = [];
+  for await (const chunk of stream) {
+    console.log(chunk);
+    chunks.push(chunk);
+  }
+  expect(chunks.map((chunk) => chunk.content).join("")).toEqual("Hello world!");
+  const sessionHistory = await getMessageHistory("2");
+  expect(await sessionHistory.getMessages()).toEqual([
+    new HumanMessage("hello"),
+    new AIMessage("Hello world!"),
+    new HumanMessage("good bye"),
+    new AIMessageChunk("Hello world!"),
+  ]);
+});
+
+test("Runnable with message history with a messages in, messages out chain", async () => {
+  const prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.fromMessages([
+    ["system", "you are a robot"],
+    ["placeholder", "{messages}"],
+  ]);
+  const model = new FakeListChatModel({
+    responses: ["So long and thanks for the fish!!"],
+  });
+  const runnable = prompt.pipe(model);
+
+  const getMessageHistory = await getGetSessionHistory();
+  const withHistory = new RunnableWithMessageHistory({
+    runnable,
+    config: {},
+    getMessageHistory,
+  });
+  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "2" } };
+  const output = await withHistory.invoke([new HumanMessage("hello")], config);
+  expect(output.content).toBe("So long and thanks for the fish!!");
+  const stream = await withHistory.stream(
+    [new HumanMessage("good bye")],
+    config
+  );
+  const chunks = [];
+  for await (const chunk of stream) {
+    console.log(chunk);
+    chunks.push(chunk);
+  }
+  expect(chunks.map((chunk) => chunk.content).join("")).toEqual(
+    "So long and thanks for the fish!!"
+  );
+  const sessionHistory = await getMessageHistory("2");
+  expect(await sessionHistory.getMessages()).toEqual([
+    new HumanMessage("hello"),
+    new AIMessage("So long and thanks for the fish!!"),
+    new HumanMessage("good bye"),
+    new AIMessageChunk("So long and thanks for the fish!!"),
+  ]);
+});
+
 test("Runnable with message history work with chat list memory", async () => {
   const runnable = new RunnableLambda({
     func: (messages: BaseMessage[]) =>
@@ -88,7 +167,7 @@ test("Runnable with message history work with chat list memory", async () => {
     config: {},
     getMessageHistory: getListMessageHistory,
   });
-  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "1" } };
+  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "3" } };
   let output = await withHistory.invoke([new HumanMessage("hello")], config);
   expect(output).toBe("you said: hello");
   output = await withHistory.invoke([new HumanMessage("good bye")], config);
@@ -112,7 +191,7 @@ test("Runnable with message history and RunnableSequence", async () => {
     inputMessagesKey: "input",
     historyMessagesKey: "history",
   });
-  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "1" } };
+  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "4" } };
   let output = await withHistory.invoke({ input: "hello" }, config);
   expect(output).toBe("AI: You are a helpful assistant\nHuman: hello");
   output = await withHistory.invoke({ input: "good bye" }, config);
@@ -140,7 +219,7 @@ test("Runnable with message history should stream through", async () => {
     inputMessagesKey: "input",
     historyMessagesKey: "history",
   }).pipe(new StringOutputParser());
-  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "1" } };
+  const config: RunnableConfig = { configurable: { sessionId: "5" } };
   const stream = await withHistory.stream({ input: "hello" }, config);
   const chunks = [];
   for await (const chunk of stream) {