diff --git a/UPGRADE.md b/UPGRADE.md
index 6336d81e8ac..cc238ee34ac 100644
--- a/UPGRADE.md
+++ b/UPGRADE.md
@@ -12,6 +12,15 @@
 
 ``Doctrine\DBAL\Connection::TRANSACTION_*`` were moved into ``Doctrine\DBAL\TransactionIsolationLevel`` class without the ``TRANSACTION_`` prefix. 
 
+## DEPRECATION: direct usage of the PDO APIs in the DBAL API
+
+1. When calling `Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement` methods, instead of `PDO::PARAM_*` constants, `Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType` constants should be used.
+2. When calling `Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ResultStatement` methods, instead of `PDO::FETCH_*` constants, `Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode` constants should be used.
+3. When configuring `Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection`, instead of `PDO::CASE_*` constants, `Doctrine\DBAL\ColumnCase` constants should be used.
+4. Usage of `PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT` in `Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement::bindValue()` is deprecated.
+5. Usage of `PDO::FETCH_FUNC` in `Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ResultStatement::fetch()` is deprecated.
+6. Calls to `\PDOStatement` methods on a `\Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOStatement` instance (e.g. `fetchObject()`) are deprecated.
+
 # Upgrade to 2.6
 
 ## MINOR BC BREAK: `fetch()` and `fetchAll()` method signatures in `Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ResultStatement`
diff --git a/docs/en/reference/data-retrieval-and-manipulation.rst b/docs/en/reference/data-retrieval-and-manipulation.rst
index 404e8c47282..31397a532b9 100644
--- a/docs/en/reference/data-retrieval-and-manipulation.rst
+++ b/docs/en/reference/data-retrieval-and-manipulation.rst
@@ -180,13 +180,13 @@ Binding Types
 -------------
 
 Doctrine DBAL extends PDOs handling of binding types in prepared statements
-considerably. Besides the well known ``\PDO::PARAM_*`` constants you
+considerably. Besides ``Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType`` constants, you
 can make use of two very powerful additional features.
 
 Doctrine\DBAL\Types Conversion
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-If you don't specify an integer (through a ``PDO::PARAM*`` constant) to
+If you don't specify an integer (through one of ``Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType`` constants) to
 any of the parameter binding methods but a string, Doctrine DBAL will
 ask the type abstraction layer to convert the passed value from
 its PHP to a database representation. This way you can pass ``\DateTime``
@@ -271,7 +271,14 @@ be specified as well:
     // Same SQL WITHOUT usage of Doctrine\DBAL\Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY
     $stmt = $conn->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM articles WHERE id IN (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
         array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
-        array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+        array(
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+        )
     );
 
 This is much more complicated and is ugly to write generically.
@@ -469,8 +476,11 @@ Quote a value:
 .. code-block:: php
 
     <?php
+
+    use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+
     $quoted = $conn->quote('value');
-    $quoted = $conn->quote('1234', \PDO::PARAM_INT);
+    $quoted = $conn->quote('1234', ParameterType::INTEGER);
 
 quoteIdentifier()
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
diff --git a/docs/en/reference/known-vendor-issues.rst b/docs/en/reference/known-vendor-issues.rst
index d27fe30789f..09c44aeb8f2 100644
--- a/docs/en/reference/known-vendor-issues.rst
+++ b/docs/en/reference/known-vendor-issues.rst
@@ -187,6 +187,6 @@ The ``PDO_SQLSRV`` driver currently has a bug when binding values to
 VARBINARY/BLOB columns with ``bindValue`` in prepared statements.
 This raises an implicit conversion from data type error as it tries
 to convert a character type value to a binary type value even if
-you explicitly define the value as ``\PDO::PARAM_LOB`` type.
+you explicitly define the value as ``ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT`` type.
 Therefore it is highly encouraged to use the native ``sqlsrv``
 driver instead which does not have this limitation.
diff --git a/docs/en/reference/portability.rst b/docs/en/reference/portability.rst
index a69b59f5bca..6cd6388fbda 100644
--- a/docs/en/reference/portability.rst
+++ b/docs/en/reference/portability.rst
@@ -51,12 +51,16 @@ Using the following code block in your initialization will:
 .. code-block:: php
 
     <?php
+
+    use Doctrine\DBAL\ColumnCase;
+    use Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection as PortableConnection;
+
     $params = array(
         // vendor specific configuration
         //...
-        'wrapperClass' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection',
-        'portability' => \Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection::PORTABILITY_ALL,
-        'fetch_case' => \PDO::CASE_LOWER,
+        'wrapperClass' => PortableConnection::class,
+        'portability'  => PortableConnection::PORTABILITY_ALL,
+        'fetch_case'   => ColumnCase::LOWER,
     );
 
 This sort of portability handling is pretty expensive because all the result
@@ -80,4 +84,4 @@ This functionality is only implemented with Doctrine 2.1 upwards.
 Doctrine ships with lists of keywords for every supported vendor. You
 can access a keyword list through the schema manager of the vendor you
 are currently using or just instantiating it from the ``Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\Keywords``
-namespace.
\ No newline at end of file
+namespace.
diff --git a/docs/en/reference/security.rst b/docs/en/reference/security.rst
index e8a01f0b7ec..82f159c87fb 100644
--- a/docs/en/reference/security.rst
+++ b/docs/en/reference/security.rst
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ the ``Connection#quote`` method:
 
     <?php
     // Parameter quoting
-    $sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = " . $connection->quote($_GET['username'], \PDO::PARAM_STR);
+    $sql = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = " . $connection->quote($_GET['username']);
 
 This method is only available for SQL, not for DQL. For DQL you are always encouraged to use prepared
-statements not only for security, but also for caching reasons.
\ No newline at end of file
+statements not only for security, but also for caching reasons.
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ArrayStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ArrayStatement.php
index 2e1cba9fe68..b77f85cacfe 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ArrayStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ArrayStatement.php
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Cache;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ResultStatement;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 
 class ArrayStatement implements \IteratorAggregate, ResultStatement
 {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class ArrayStatement implements \IteratorAggregate, ResultStatement
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    private $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * @param array $data
@@ -100,23 +100,30 @@ public function getIterator()
      */
     public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT, $cursorOffset = 0)
     {
-        if (isset($this->data[$this->num])) {
-            $row = $this->data[$this->num++];
-            $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->defaultFetchMode;
-            if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) {
-                return $row;
-            } elseif ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_NUM) {
-                return array_values($row);
-            } elseif ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_BOTH) {
-                return array_merge($row, array_values($row));
-            } elseif ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
-                return reset($row);
-            } else {
-                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid fetch-style given for fetching result.");
-            }
+        if (! isset($this->data[$this->num])) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        return false;
+        $row       = $this->data[$this->num++];
+        $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->defaultFetchMode;
+
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE) {
+            return $row;
+        }
+
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::NUMERIC) {
+            return array_values($row);
+        }
+
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::MIXED) {
+            return array_merge($row, array_values($row));
+        }
+
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
+            return reset($row);
+        }
+
+        throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid fetch-style given for fetching result.');
     }
 
     /**
@@ -137,7 +144,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         // TODO: verify that return false is the correct behavior
         return $row[$columnIndex] ?? false;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ResultCacheStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ResultCacheStatement.php
index c36c60e6c49..cc5b4e3e941 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ResultCacheStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Cache/ResultCacheStatement.php
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ResultStatement;
 use Doctrine\Common\Cache\Cache;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 
 /**
  * Cache statement for SQL results.
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class ResultCacheStatement implements \IteratorAggregate, ResultStatement
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    private $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * @param \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement $stmt
@@ -153,24 +153,32 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
             $this->data = [];
         }
 
-        $row = $this->statement->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $row = $this->statement->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
+
         if ($row) {
             $this->data[] = $row;
 
             $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->defaultFetchMode;
 
-            if ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_ASSOC) {
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE) {
                 return $row;
-            } elseif ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_NUM) {
+            }
+
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::NUMERIC) {
                 return array_values($row);
-            } elseif ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_BOTH) {
+            }
+
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::MIXED) {
                 return array_merge($row, array_values($row));
-            } elseif ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+            }
+
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
                 return reset($row);
-            } else {
-                throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Invalid fetch-style given for caching result.");
             }
+
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid fetch-style given for caching result.');
         }
+
         $this->emptied = true;
 
         return false;
@@ -194,7 +202,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         // TODO: verify that return false is the correct behavior
         return $row[$columnIndex] ?? false;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ColumnCase.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ColumnCase.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..420d868f582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ColumnCase.php
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Doctrine\DBAL;
+
+/**
+ * Contains portable column case conversions.
+ */
+final class ColumnCase
+{
+    /**
+     * Convert column names to upper case.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::CASE_UPPER
+     */
+    public const UPPER = \PDO::CASE_UPPER;
+
+    /**
+     * Convert column names to lower case.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::CASE_LOWER
+     */
+    public const LOWER = \PDO::CASE_LOWER;
+
+    /**
+     * This class cannot be instantiated.
+     */
+    private function __construct()
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
index 8b7e69f611e..53ed295ff97 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Connection.php
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
-use PDO;
 use Closure;
 use Exception;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
@@ -83,14 +82,14 @@ class Connection implements DriverConnection
      *
      * @var int
      */
-    const PARAM_INT_ARRAY = 101;
+    public const PARAM_INT_ARRAY = ParameterType::INTEGER + self::ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET;
 
     /**
      * Represents an array of strings to be expanded by Doctrine SQL parsing.
      *
      * @var int
      */
-    const PARAM_STR_ARRAY = 102;
+    public const PARAM_STR_ARRAY = ParameterType::STRING + self::ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET;
 
     /**
      * Offset by which PARAM_* constants are detected as arrays of the param type.
@@ -195,7 +194,7 @@ class Connection implements DriverConnection
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    protected $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_ASSOC;
+    protected $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE;
 
     /**
      * Initializes a new instance of the Connection class.
@@ -563,7 +562,7 @@ public function setFetchMode($fetchMode)
      */
     public function fetchAssoc($statement, array $params = [], array $types = [])
     {
-        return $this->executeQuery($statement, $params, $types)->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        return $this->executeQuery($statement, $params, $types)->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -578,7 +577,7 @@ public function fetchAssoc($statement, array $params = [], array $types = [])
      */
     public function fetchArray($statement, array $params = [], array $types = [])
     {
-        return $this->executeQuery($statement, $params, $types)->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        return $this->executeQuery($statement, $params, $types)->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -808,7 +807,7 @@ private function extractTypeValues(array $columnList, array $types)
         $typeValues = [];
 
         foreach ($columnList as $columnIndex => $columnName) {
-            $typeValues[] = $types[$columnName] ?? \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+            $typeValues[] = $types[$columnName] ?? ParameterType::STRING;
         }
 
         return $typeValues;
@@ -1592,7 +1591,7 @@ private function getBindingInfo($value, $type)
             $value = $type->convertToDatabaseValue($value, $this->getDatabasePlatform());
             $bindingType = $type->getBindingType();
         } else {
-            $bindingType = $type; // PDO::PARAM_* constants
+            $bindingType = $type;
         }
 
         return [$value, $bindingType];
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Connection.php
index 833b2430c47..773407510a6 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Connection.php
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+
 /**
  * Connection interface.
  * Driver connections must implement this interface.
@@ -36,14 +38,14 @@ interface Connection
      *
      * @return \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
      */
-    function prepare($prepareString);
+    public function prepare($prepareString);
 
     /**
      * Executes an SQL statement, returning a result set as a Statement object.
      *
      * @return \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
      */
-    function query();
+    public function query();
 
     /**
      * Quotes a string for use in a query.
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ function query();
      *
      * @return mixed
      */
-    function quote($input, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR);
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING);
 
     /**
      * Executes an SQL statement and return the number of affected rows.
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ function quote($input, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR);
      *
      * @return int
      */
-    function exec($statement);
+    public function exec($statement);
 
     /**
      * Returns the ID of the last inserted row or sequence value.
@@ -71,40 +73,40 @@ function exec($statement);
      *
      * @return string
      */
-    function lastInsertId($name = null);
+    public function lastInsertId($name = null);
 
     /**
      * Initiates a transaction.
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function beginTransaction();
+    public function beginTransaction();
 
     /**
      * Commits a transaction.
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function commit();
+    public function commit();
 
     /**
      * Rolls back the current transaction, as initiated by beginTransaction().
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function rollBack();
+    public function rollBack();
 
     /**
      * Returns the error code associated with the last operation on the database handle.
      *
      * @return string|null The error code, or null if no operation has been run on the database handle.
      */
-    function errorCode();
+    public function errorCode();
 
     /**
      * Returns extended error information associated with the last operation on the database handle.
      *
      * @return array
      */
-    function errorInfo();
+    public function errorInfo();
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/DrizzlePDOMySql/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/DrizzlePDOMySql/Connection.php
index 61a23e772dd..bfc61acf9b8 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/DrizzlePDOMySql/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/DrizzlePDOMySql/Connection.php
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\DrizzlePDOMySql;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+
 /**
  * @author Kim Hemsø Rasmussen <kimhemsoe@gmail.com>
  */
@@ -27,9 +29,9 @@ class Connection extends \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
-        if (\PDO::PARAM_BOOL === $type) {
+        if ($type === ParameterType::BOOLEAN) {
             return $value ? 'true' : 'false';
         }
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Connection.php
index b538a2f240f..be43fc5f88b 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Connection.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 class DB2Connection implements Connection, ServerInfoAwareConnection
 {
@@ -98,10 +99,11 @@ public function query()
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($input, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         $input = db2_escape_string($input);
-        if ($type == \PDO::PARAM_INT) {
+
+        if ($type === ParameterType::INTEGER) {
             return $input;
         }
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Statement.php
index 21f341a8e8f..9a8ba334db6 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/IBMDB2/DB2Statement.php
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\StatementIterator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 class DB2Statement implements \IteratorAggregate, Statement
 {
@@ -35,19 +37,19 @@ class DB2Statement implements \IteratorAggregate, Statement
     private $_bindParam = [];
 
     /**
-     * @var string Name of the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * @var string Name of the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      */
     private $defaultFetchClass = '\stdClass';
 
     /**
-     * @var string Constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * @var string Constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      */
     private $defaultFetchClassCtorArgs = [];
 
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    private $_defaultFetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $_defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether the statement is in the state when fetching results is possible
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ class DB2Statement implements \IteratorAggregate, Statement
      * @var array
      */
     static private $_typeMap = [
-        \PDO::PARAM_INT => DB2_LONG,
-        \PDO::PARAM_STR => DB2_CHAR,
+        ParameterType::INTEGER => DB2_LONG,
+        ParameterType::STRING  => DB2_CHAR,
     ];
 
     /**
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ public function __construct($stmt)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return $this->bindParam($param, $value, $type);
     }
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         $this->_bindParam[$column] =& $variable;
 
@@ -216,14 +218,16 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
 
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->_defaultFetchMode;
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN:
+            case FetchMode::COLUMN:
                 return $this->fetchColumn();
 
-            case \PDO::FETCH_BOTH:
+            case FetchMode::MIXED:
                 return db2_fetch_both($this->_stmt);
-            case \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC:
+
+            case FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE:
                 return db2_fetch_assoc($this->_stmt);
-            case \PDO::FETCH_CLASS:
+
+            case FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT:
                 $className = $this->defaultFetchClass;
                 $ctorArgs  = $this->defaultFetchClassCtorArgs;
 
@@ -240,10 +244,13 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
                 }
 
                 return $result;
-            case \PDO::FETCH_NUM:
+
+            case FetchMode::NUMERIC:
                 return db2_fetch_array($this->_stmt);
-            case \PDO::FETCH_OBJ:
+
+            case FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT:
                 return db2_fetch_object($this->_stmt);
+
             default:
                 throw new DB2Exception('Given Fetch-Style ' . $fetchMode . ' is not supported.');
         }
@@ -257,12 +264,12 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
         $rows = [];
 
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case \PDO::FETCH_CLASS:
+            case FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT:
                 while ($row = call_user_func_array([$this, 'fetch'], func_get_args())) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
                 break;
-            case \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN:
+            case FetchMode::COLUMN:
                 while ($row = $this->fetchColumn()) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
@@ -281,7 +288,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         if (false === $row) {
             return false;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliConnection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliConnection.php
index 182fd5817fb..b3314b46dfb 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliConnection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliConnection.php
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection as Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PingableConnection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * @author Kim Hemsø Rasmussen <kimhemsoe@gmail.com>
@@ -145,7 +146,7 @@ public function query()
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($input, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return "'". $this->_conn->escape_string($input) ."'";
     }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliStatement.php
index e27951cccaa..38b05e318b2 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Mysqli/MysqliStatement.php
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\StatementIterator;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * @author Kim Hemsø Rasmussen <kimhemsoe@gmail.com>
@@ -32,11 +33,13 @@ class MysqliStatement implements \IteratorAggregate, Statement
      * @var array
      */
     protected static $_paramTypeMap = [
-        PDO::PARAM_STR => 's',
-        PDO::PARAM_BOOL => 'i',
-        PDO::PARAM_NULL => 's',
-        PDO::PARAM_INT => 'i',
-        PDO::PARAM_LOB => 's' // TODO Support LOB bigger then max package size.
+        ParameterType::STRING       => 's',
+        ParameterType::BOOLEAN      => 'i',
+        ParameterType::NULL         => 's',
+        ParameterType::INTEGER      => 'i',
+
+        // TODO Support LOB bigger then max package size
+        ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT => 's',
     ];
 
     /**
@@ -79,7 +82,7 @@ class MysqliStatement implements \IteratorAggregate, Statement
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    protected $_defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    protected $_defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * Indicates whether the statement is in the state when fetching results is possible
@@ -112,7 +115,7 @@ public function __construct(\mysqli $conn, $prepareString)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         if (null === $type) {
             $type = 's';
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         if (null === $type) {
             $type = 's';
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
 
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->_defaultFetchMode;
 
-        if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             return $this->fetchColumn();
         }
 
@@ -288,19 +291,19 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
         }
 
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case PDO::FETCH_NUM:
+            case FetchMode::NUMERIC:
                 return $values;
 
-            case PDO::FETCH_ASSOC:
+            case FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE:
                 return array_combine($this->_columnNames, $values);
 
-            case PDO::FETCH_BOTH:
+            case FetchMode::MIXED:
                 $ret = array_combine($this->_columnNames, $values);
                 $ret += $values;
 
                 return $ret;
 
-            case PDO::FETCH_OBJ:
+            case FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT:
                 $assoc = array_combine($this->_columnNames, $values);
                 $ret = new \stdClass();
 
@@ -323,7 +326,8 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->_defaultFetchMode;
 
         $rows = [];
-        if (PDO::FETCH_COLUMN == $fetchMode) {
+
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             while (($row = $this->fetchColumn()) !== false) {
                 $rows[] = $row;
             }
@@ -341,7 +345,8 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
+
         if (false === $row) {
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Connection.php
index 95898aa8b4c..9d68bea7de1 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Connection.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * OCI8 implementation of the Connection interface.
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ public function query()
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($value, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         if (is_int($value) || is_float($value)) {
             return $value;
@@ -152,13 +153,13 @@ public function lastInsertId($name = null)
 
         $sql    = 'SELECT ' . $name . '.CURRVAL FROM DUAL';
         $stmt   = $this->query($sql);
-        $result = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $result = $stmt->fetchColumn();
 
-        if ($result === false || !isset($result['CURRVAL'])) {
+        if ($result === false) {
             throw new OCI8Exception("lastInsertId failed: Query was executed but no result was returned.");
         }
 
-        return (int) $result['CURRVAL'];
+        return (int) $result;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Statement.php
index 09770e05b0d..66bedeab5a3 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/OCI8/OCI8Statement.php
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\StatementIterator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use IteratorAggregate;
-use PDO;
 
 /**
  * The OCI8 implementation of the Statement interface.
@@ -56,16 +57,16 @@ class OCI8Statement implements IteratorAggregate, Statement
      * @var array
      */
     protected static $fetchModeMap = [
-        PDO::FETCH_BOTH => OCI_BOTH,
-        PDO::FETCH_ASSOC => OCI_ASSOC,
-        PDO::FETCH_NUM => OCI_NUM,
-        PDO::FETCH_COLUMN => OCI_NUM,
+        FetchMode::MIXED       => OCI_BOTH,
+        FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE => OCI_ASSOC,
+        FetchMode::NUMERIC     => OCI_NUM,
+        FetchMode::COLUMN      => OCI_NUM,
     ];
 
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    protected $_defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    protected $_defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * @var array
@@ -254,7 +255,7 @@ private static function findToken($statement, &$offset, $regex)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return $this->bindParam($param, $value, $type, null);
     }
@@ -262,11 +263,11 @@ public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         $column = $this->_paramMap[$column] ?? $column;
 
-        if ($type == \PDO::PARAM_LOB) {
+        if ($type === ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT) {
             $lob = oci_new_descriptor($this->_dbh, OCI_D_LOB);
             $lob->writeTemporary($variable, OCI_TEMP_BLOB);
 
@@ -387,11 +388,11 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
 
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->_defaultFetchMode;
 
-        if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             return $this->fetchColumn();
         }
 
-        if (PDO::FETCH_OBJ == $fetchMode) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT) {
             return oci_fetch_object($this->_sth);
         }
 
@@ -414,7 +415,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
 
         $result = [];
 
-        if (PDO::FETCH_OBJ == $fetchMode) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT) {
             while ($row = $this->fetch($fetchMode)) {
                 $result[] = $row;
             }
@@ -432,7 +433,8 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
             }
         } else {
             $fetchStructure = OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_ROW;
-            if ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
                 $fetchStructure = OCI_FETCHSTATEMENT_BY_COLUMN;
             }
 
@@ -445,7 +447,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
             oci_fetch_all($this->_sth, $result, 0, -1,
                 self::$fetchModeMap[$fetchMode] | OCI_RETURN_NULLS | $fetchStructure | OCI_RETURN_LOBS);
 
-            if ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+            if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
                 $result = $result[0];
             }
         }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOConnection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOConnection.php
index cb47c3e9a86..91629f65bdb 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOConnection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOConnection.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use PDO;
 
 /**
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ public function query()
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($input, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return parent::quote($input, $type);
     }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Connection.php
index 8c561555cff..36747110109 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Connection.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlsrv;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * Sqlsrv Connection implementation.
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ public function lastInsertId($name = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
-    public function quote($value, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         $val = parent::quote($value, $type);
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Statement.php
index 3d1b22a656e..82e2c3e3565 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOSqlsrv/Statement.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlsrv;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOStatement;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use PDO;
 
 /**
@@ -30,9 +31,9 @@ class Statement extends PDOStatement
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = PDO::PARAM_STR, $length = null, $driverOptions = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null, $driverOptions = null)
     {
-        if ($type === PDO::PARAM_LOB && $driverOptions === null) {
+        if ($type === ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT && $driverOptions === null) {
             $driverOptions = PDO::SQLSRV_ENCODING_BINARY;
         }
 
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = PDO::PARAM_STR, $length =
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return $this->bindParam($param, $value, $type);
     }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php
index deb35de0162..9e45eb9ba29 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/PDOStatement.php
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use PDO;
+
 /**
  * The PDO implementation of the Statement interface.
  * Used by all PDO-based drivers.
@@ -27,6 +31,29 @@
  */
 class PDOStatement extends \PDOStatement implements Statement
 {
+    /**
+     * @var int[]
+     */
+    private const PARAM_TYPE_MAP = [
+        ParameterType::NULL         => PDO::PARAM_NULL,
+        ParameterType::INTEGER      => PDO::PARAM_INT,
+        ParameterType::STRING       => PDO::PARAM_STR,
+        ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT => PDO::PARAM_LOB,
+        ParameterType::BOOLEAN      => PDO::PARAM_BOOL,
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * @var int[]
+     */
+    private const FETCH_MODE_MAP = [
+        FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE     => PDO::FETCH_ASSOC,
+        FetchMode::NUMERIC         => PDO::FETCH_NUM,
+        FetchMode::MIXED           => PDO::FETCH_BOTH,
+        FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT => PDO::FETCH_OBJ,
+        FetchMode::COLUMN          => PDO::FETCH_COLUMN,
+        FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT   => PDO::FETCH_CLASS,
+    ];
+
     /**
      * Protected constructor.
      */
@@ -39,6 +66,8 @@ protected function __construct()
      */
     public function setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg2 = null, $arg3 = null)
     {
+        $fetchMode = $this->convertFetchMode($fetchMode);
+
         // This thin wrapper is necessary to shield against the weird signature
         // of PDOStatement::setFetchMode(): even if the second and third
         // parameters are optional, PHP will not let us remove it from this
@@ -61,8 +90,10 @@ public function setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg2 = null, $arg3 = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
+        $type = $this->convertParamType($type);
+
         try {
             return parent::bindValue($param, $value, $type);
         } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
@@ -73,8 +104,10 @@ public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR, $length = null, $driverOptions = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null, $driverOptions = null)
     {
+        $type = $this->convertParamType($type);
+
         try {
             return parent::bindParam($column, $variable, $type, $length, $driverOptions);
         } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
@@ -113,6 +146,8 @@ public function execute($params = null)
      */
     public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT, $cursorOffset = 0)
     {
+        $fetchMode = $this->convertFetchMode($fetchMode);
+
         try {
             if ($fetchMode === null && \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT === $cursorOrientation && 0 === $cursorOffset) {
                 return parent::fetch();
@@ -137,6 +172,8 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
      */
     public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = null)
     {
+        $fetchMode = $this->convertFetchMode($fetchMode);
+
         try {
             if ($fetchMode === null && null === $fetchArgument && null === $ctorArgs) {
                 return parent::fetchAll();
@@ -167,4 +204,36 @@ public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
             throw new PDOException($exception);
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts DBAL parameter type to PDO parameter type
+     *
+     * @param int $type Parameter type
+     */
+    private function convertParamType(int $type) : int
+    {
+        if (! isset(self::PARAM_TYPE_MAP[$type])) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid parameter type: ' . $type);
+        }
+
+        return self::PARAM_TYPE_MAP[$type];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts DBAL fetch mode to PDO fetch mode
+     *
+     * @param int|null $fetchMode Fetch mode
+     */
+    private function convertFetchMode(?int $fetchMode) : ?int
+    {
+        if ($fetchMode === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! isset(self::FETCH_MODE_MAP[$fetchMode])) {
+            throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Invalid fetch mode: ' . $fetchMode);
+        }
+
+        return self::FETCH_MODE_MAP[$fetchMode];
+    }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/ResultStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/ResultStatement.php
index 92b9de7d0b3..b03862ff6e3 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/ResultStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/ResultStatement.php
@@ -45,13 +45,11 @@ public function columnCount();
     /**
      * Sets the fetch mode to use while iterating this statement.
      *
-     * @param int   $fetchMode The fetch mode must be one of the PDO::FETCH_* constants.
+     * @param int   $fetchMode The fetch mode must be one of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode} constants.
      * @param mixed $arg2
      * @param mixed $arg3
      *
      * @return bool
-     *
-     * @see PDO::FETCH_* constants.
      */
     public function setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg2 = null, $arg3 = null);
 
@@ -59,8 +57,8 @@ public function setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg2 = null, $arg3 = null);
      * Returns the next row of a result set.
      *
      * @param int|null $fetchMode         Controls how the next row will be returned to the caller.
-     *                                    The value must be one of the \PDO::FETCH_* constants,
-     *                                    defaulting to \PDO::FETCH_BOTH.
+     *                                    The value must be one of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode} constants,
+     *                                    defaulting to {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode::MIXED}.
      * @param int      $cursorOrientation For a ResultStatement object representing a scrollable cursor,
      *                                    this value determines which row will be returned to the caller.
      *                                    This value must be one of the \PDO::FETCH_ORI_* constants,
@@ -79,8 +77,6 @@ public function setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg2 = null, $arg3 = null);
      *
      * @return mixed The return value of this method on success depends on the fetch mode. In all cases, FALSE is
      *               returned on failure.
-     *
-     * @see PDO::FETCH_* constants.
      */
     public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT, $cursorOffset = 0);
 
@@ -88,21 +84,21 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
      * Returns an array containing all of the result set rows.
      *
      * @param int|null   $fetchMode     Controls how the next row will be returned to the caller.
-     *                                  The value must be one of the \PDO::FETCH_* constants,
-     *                                  defaulting to \PDO::FETCH_BOTH.
+     *                                  The value must be one of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode} constants,
+     *                                  defaulting to {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode::MIXED}.
      * @param int|null   $fetchArgument This argument has a different meaning depending on the value of the $fetchMode parameter:
-     *                                  * \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN: Returns the indicated 0-indexed column.
-     *                                  * \PDO::FETCH_CLASS: Returns instances of the specified class, mapping the columns of each
-     *                                  row to named properties in the class.
+     *                                  * {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode::COLUMN}:
+     *                                    Returns the indicated 0-indexed column.
+     *                                  * {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT}:
+     *                                    Returns instances of the specified class, mapping the columns of each row
+     *                                    to named properties in the class.
      *                                  * \PDO::FETCH_FUNC: Returns the results of calling the specified function, using each row's
-     *                                  columns as parameters in the call.
+     *                                    columns as parameters in the call.
      * @param array|null $ctorArgs      Controls how the next row will be returned to the caller.
-     *                                  The value must be one of the \PDO::FETCH_* constants,
-     *                                  defaulting to \PDO::FETCH_BOTH.
+     *                                  The value must be one of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode} constants,
+     *                                  defaulting to {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode::MIXED}.
      *
      * @return array
-     *
-     * @see \PDO::FETCH_* constants.
      */
     public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = null);
 
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereConnection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereConnection.php
index 378f4e4144a..03be0576a7b 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereConnection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereConnection.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * SAP Sybase SQL Anywhere implementation of the Connection interface.
@@ -172,7 +173,7 @@ public function query()
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function quote($input, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         if (is_int($input) || is_float($input)) {
             return $input;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereStatement.php
index 7d022b9afab..8a6b4a1176a 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLAnywhere/SQLAnywhereStatement.php
@@ -19,10 +19,11 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\SQLAnywhere;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\StatementIterator;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use IteratorAggregate;
-use PDO;
-use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 
 /**
  * SAP SQL Anywhere implementation of the Statement interface.
@@ -39,19 +40,19 @@ class SQLAnywhereStatement implements IteratorAggregate, Statement
     private $conn;
 
     /**
-     * @var string Name of the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * @var string Name of the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      */
     private $defaultFetchClass = '\stdClass';
 
     /**
-     * @var string Constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * @var string Constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      */
     private $defaultFetchClassCtorArgs = [];
 
     /**
      * @var int Default fetch mode to use.
      */
-    private $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * @var resource The result set resource to fetch.
@@ -92,20 +93,23 @@ public function __construct($conn, $sql)
      *
      * @throws SQLAnywhereException
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         switch ($type) {
-            case PDO::PARAM_INT:
-            case PDO::PARAM_BOOL:
+            case ParameterType::INTEGER:
+            case ParameterType::BOOLEAN:
                 $type = 'i';
                 break;
-            case PDO::PARAM_LOB:
+
+            case ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT:
                 $type = 'b';
                 break;
-            case PDO::PARAM_NULL:
-            case PDO::PARAM_STR:
+
+            case ParameterType::NULL:
+            case ParameterType::STRING:
                 $type = 's';
                 break;
+
             default:
                 throw new SQLAnywhereException('Unknown type: ' . $type);
         }
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return $this->bindParam($param, $value, $type);
     }
@@ -203,14 +207,16 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->defaultFetchMode;
 
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case PDO::FETCH_COLUMN:
+            case FetchMode::COLUMN:
                 return $this->fetchColumn();
 
-            case PDO::FETCH_ASSOC:
+            case FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE:
                 return sasql_fetch_assoc($this->result);
-            case PDO::FETCH_BOTH:
+
+            case FetchMode::MIXED:
                 return sasql_fetch_array($this->result, SASQL_BOTH);
-            case PDO::FETCH_CLASS:
+
+            case FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT:
                 $className = $this->defaultFetchClass;
                 $ctorArgs  = $this->defaultFetchClassCtorArgs;
 
@@ -227,10 +233,13 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
                 }
 
                 return $result;
-            case PDO::FETCH_NUM:
+
+            case FetchMode::NUMERIC:
                 return sasql_fetch_row($this->result);
-            case PDO::FETCH_OBJ:
+
+            case FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT:
                 return sasql_fetch_object($this->result);
+
             default:
                 throw new SQLAnywhereException('Fetch mode is not supported: ' . $fetchMode);
         }
@@ -244,16 +253,18 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
         $rows = [];
 
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case PDO::FETCH_CLASS:
+            case FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT:
                 while ($row = call_user_func_array([$this, 'fetch'], func_get_args())) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
                 break;
-            case PDO::FETCH_COLUMN:
+
+            case FetchMode::COLUMN:
                 while ($row = $this->fetchColumn()) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
                 break;
+
             default:
                 while ($row = $this->fetch($fetchMode)) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
@@ -268,7 +279,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         if (false === $row) {
             return false;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvConnection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvConnection.php
index 6de138a4af5..52ad200cf7f 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvConnection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvConnection.php
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\ServerInfoAwareConnection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * SQL Server implementation for the Connection interface.
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ public function query()
      * {@inheritDoc}
      * @license New BSD, code from Zend Framework
      */
-    public function quote($value, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function quote($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         if (is_int($value)) {
             return $value;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvStatement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvStatement.php
index 9c03f26ca7e..ea601ed0e9b 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvStatement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/SQLSrv/SQLSrvStatement.php
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\SQLSrv;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\StatementIterator;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use IteratorAggregate;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
 
@@ -73,20 +74,20 @@ class SQLSrvStatement implements IteratorAggregate, Statement
      * @var array
      */
     private static $fetchMap = [
-        PDO::FETCH_BOTH => SQLSRV_FETCH_BOTH,
-        PDO::FETCH_ASSOC => SQLSRV_FETCH_ASSOC,
-        PDO::FETCH_NUM => SQLSRV_FETCH_NUMERIC,
+        FetchMode::MIXED       => SQLSRV_FETCH_BOTH,
+        FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE => SQLSRV_FETCH_ASSOC,
+        FetchMode::NUMERIC     => SQLSRV_FETCH_NUMERIC,
     ];
 
     /**
-     * The name of the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * The name of the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      *
      * @var string
      */
     private $defaultFetchClass = '\stdClass';
 
     /**
-     * The constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetch mode is \PDO::FETCH_CLASS.
+     * The constructor arguments for the default class to instantiate when fetching class instances.
      *
      * @var string
      */
@@ -95,9 +96,9 @@ class SQLSrvStatement implements IteratorAggregate, Statement
     /**
      * The fetch style.
      *
-     * @param int
+     * @var int
      */
-    private $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * The last insert ID.
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ public function __construct($conn, $sql, LastInsertId $lastInsertId = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         if (!is_numeric($param)) {
             throw new SQLSrvException(
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         if (!is_numeric($column)) {
             throw new SQLSrvException("sqlsrv does not support named parameters to queries, use question mark (?) placeholders instead.");
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ private function prepare()
         $params = [];
 
         foreach ($this->variables as $column => &$variable) {
-            if (PDO::PARAM_LOB === $this->types[$column]) {
+            if ($this->types[$column] === ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT) {
                 $params[$column - 1] = [
                     &$variable,
                     SQLSRV_PARAM_IN,
@@ -315,7 +316,7 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEX
         $args      = func_get_args();
         $fetchMode = $fetchMode ?: $this->defaultFetchMode;
 
-        if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             return $this->fetchColumn();
         }
 
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEX
             return sqlsrv_fetch_array($this->stmt, self::$fetchMap[$fetchMode]) ?: false;
         }
 
-        if (in_array($fetchMode, [PDO::FETCH_OBJ, PDO::FETCH_CLASS], true)) {
+        if (in_array($fetchMode, [FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT, FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT], true)) {
             $className = $this->defaultFetchClass;
             $ctorArgs  = $this->defaultFetchClassCtorArgs;
 
@@ -346,16 +347,18 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
         $rows = [];
 
         switch ($fetchMode) {
-            case PDO::FETCH_CLASS:
+            case FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT:
                 while ($row = call_user_func_array([$this, 'fetch'], func_get_args())) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
                 break;
-            case PDO::FETCH_COLUMN:
+
+            case FetchMode::COLUMN:
                 while ($row = $this->fetchColumn()) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
                 }
                 break;
+
             default:
                 while ($row = $this->fetch($fetchMode)) {
                     $rows[] = $row;
@@ -370,7 +373,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
      */
     public function fetchColumn($columnIndex = 0)
     {
-        $row = $this->fetch(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $row = $this->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         if (false === $row) {
             return false;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Statement.php
index 1ad827aea81..15b6bee1bae 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Driver/Statement.php
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+
 /**
  * Statement interface.
  * Drivers must implement this interface.
@@ -43,12 +45,12 @@ interface Statement extends ResultStatement
      *                     this will be a parameter name of the form :name. For a prepared statement
      *                     using question mark placeholders, this will be the 1-indexed position of the parameter.
      * @param mixed $value The value to bind to the parameter.
-     * @param int   $type  Explicit data type for the parameter using the PDO::PARAM_* constants.
+     * @param int   $type  Explicit data type for the parameter using the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType}
+     *                     constants.
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null);
-
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING);
 
     /**
      * Binds a PHP variable to a corresponding named (not supported by mysqli driver, see comment below) or question
@@ -68,15 +70,15 @@ function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null);
      *                           this will be a parameter name of the form :name. For a prepared statement using
      *                           question mark placeholders, this will be the 1-indexed position of the parameter.
      * @param mixed    $variable Name of the PHP variable to bind to the SQL statement parameter.
-     * @param int|null $type     Explicit data type for the parameter using the PDO::PARAM_* constants. To return
-     *                           an INOUT parameter from a stored procedure, use the bitwise OR operator to set the
-     *                           PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT bits for the data_type parameter.
+     * @param int|null $type     Explicit data type for the parameter using the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType}
+     *                           constants. To return an INOUT parameter from a stored procedure, use the bitwise
+     *                           OR operator to set the PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT bits for the data_type parameter.
      * @param int|null $length   You must specify maxlength when using an OUT bind
      *                           so that PHP allocates enough memory to hold the returned value.
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null);
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null);
 
     /**
      * Fetches the SQLSTATE associated with the last operation on the statement handle.
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null);
      *
      * @return string The error code string.
      */
-    function errorCode();
+    public function errorCode();
 
     /**
      * Fetches extended error information associated with the last operation on the statement handle.
@@ -94,7 +96,7 @@ function errorCode();
      *
      * @return array The error info array.
      */
-    function errorInfo();
+    public function errorInfo();
 
     /**
      * Executes a prepared statement
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ function errorInfo();
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
      */
-    function execute($params = null);
+    public function execute($params = null);
 
     /**
      * Returns the number of rows affected by the last DELETE, INSERT, or UPDATE statement
@@ -124,5 +126,5 @@ function execute($params = null);
      *
      * @return int The number of rows.
      */
-    function rowCount();
+    public function rowCount();
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/FetchMode.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/FetchMode.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3e7f3ba601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/FetchMode.php
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Doctrine\DBAL;
+
+/**
+ * Contains statement fetch modes.
+ */
+final class FetchMode
+{
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
+     * by column name as returned in the corresponding result set. If the result
+     * set contains multiple columns with the same name, the statement returns
+     * only a single value per column name.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC
+     */
+    public const ASSOCIATIVE = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC;
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
+     * by column number as returned in the corresponding result set, starting at
+     * column 0.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_NUM
+     */
+    public const NUMERIC = \PDO::FETCH_NUM;
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an array indexed
+     * by both column name and number as returned in the corresponding result set,
+     * starting at column 0.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_BOTH
+     */
+    public const MIXED = \PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return each row as an object with
+     * property names that correspond to the column names returned in the result
+     * set.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_OBJ
+     */
+    public const STANDARD_OBJECT = \PDO::FETCH_OBJ;
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return only a single requested
+     * column from the next row in the result set.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN
+     */
+    public const COLUMN = \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN;
+
+    /**
+     * Specifies that the fetch method shall return a new instance of the
+     * requested class, mapping the columns to named properties in the class.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::FETCH_CLASS
+     */
+    public const CUSTOM_OBJECT = \PDO::FETCH_CLASS;
+
+    /**
+     * This class cannot be instantiated.
+     */
+    private function __construct()
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Id/TableGenerator.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Id/TableGenerator.php
index 67705f54871..68039407206 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Id/TableGenerator.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Id/TableGenerator.php
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\LockMode;
 
 /**
  * Table ID Generator for those poor languages that are missing sequences.
@@ -119,12 +121,13 @@ public function nextValue($sequenceName)
 
         try {
             $platform = $this->conn->getDatabasePlatform();
-            $sql = "SELECT sequence_value, sequence_increment_by " .
-                   "FROM " . $platform->appendLockHint($this->generatorTableName, \Doctrine\DBAL\LockMode::PESSIMISTIC_WRITE) . " " .
-                   "WHERE sequence_name = ? " . $platform->getWriteLockSQL();
-            $stmt = $this->conn->executeQuery($sql, [$sequenceName]);
+            $sql      = 'SELECT sequence_value, sequence_increment_by'
+                . ' FROM ' . $platform->appendLockHint($this->generatorTableName, LockMode::PESSIMISTIC_WRITE)
+                . ' WHERE sequence_name = ? ' . $platform->getWriteLockSQL();
+            $stmt     = $this->conn->executeQuery($sql, [$sequenceName]);
+            $row      = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
-            if ($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
+            if ($row !== false) {
                 $row = array_change_key_case($row, CASE_LOWER);
 
                 $value = $row['sequence_value'];
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ParameterType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ParameterType.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..362a0514d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/ParameterType.php
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace Doctrine\DBAL;
+
+/**
+ * Contains statement parameter types.
+ */
+final class ParameterType
+{
+    /**
+     * Represents the SQL NULL data type.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::PARAM_NULL
+     */
+    public const NULL = \PDO::PARAM_NULL;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the SQL INTEGER data type.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::PARAM_INT
+     */
+    public const INTEGER = \PDO::PARAM_INT;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the SQL CHAR, VARCHAR, or other string data type.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::PARAM_STR
+     */
+    public const STRING = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents the SQL large object data type.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::PARAM_LOB
+     */
+    public const LARGE_OBJECT = \PDO::PARAM_LOB;
+
+    /**
+     * Represents a boolean data type.
+     *
+     * @see \PDO::PARAM_BOOL
+     */
+    public const BOOLEAN = \PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
+
+    /**
+     * This class cannot be instantiated.
+     */
+    private function __construct()
+    {
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Connection.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Connection.php
index 67dd70b83b1..d841d317879 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Connection.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Connection.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Portability;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\QueryCacheProfile;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ColumnCase;
 
 /**
  * Portability wrapper for a Connection.
@@ -83,12 +84,13 @@ public function connect()
                 }
                 $this->portability = $params['portability'];
             }
+
             if (isset($params['fetch_case']) && $this->portability & self::PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE) {
                 if ($this->_conn instanceof \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOConnection) {
                     // make use of c-level support for case handling
                     $this->_conn->setAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_CASE, $params['fetch_case']);
                 } else {
-                    $this->case = ($params['fetch_case'] == \PDO::CASE_LOWER) ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
+                    $this->case = ($params['fetch_case'] === ColumnCase::LOWER) ? CASE_LOWER : CASE_UPPER;
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Statement.php
index 39d8d04b2d2..f36c365b4ea 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Portability/Statement.php
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Portability;
 
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 
 /**
  * Portability wrapper for a Statement.
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ class Statement implements \IteratorAggregate, \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
     /**
      * @var int
      */
-    private $defaultFetchMode = PDO::FETCH_BOTH;
+    private $defaultFetchMode = FetchMode::MIXED;
 
     /**
      * Wraps <tt>Statement</tt> and applies portability measures.
@@ -66,15 +67,15 @@ public function __construct($stmt, Connection $conn)
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         return $this->stmt->bindParam($column, $variable, $type, $length);
     }
+
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
-
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         return $this->stmt->bindValue($param, $value, $type);
     }
@@ -148,10 +149,12 @@ public function fetch($fetchMode = null, $cursorOrientation = \PDO::FETCH_ORI_NE
 
         $row = $this->stmt->fetch($fetchMode);
 
-        $row = $this->fixRow($row,
-            $this->portability & (Connection::PORTABILITY_EMPTY_TO_NULL|Connection::PORTABILITY_RTRIM),
-            !is_null($this->case) && ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_ASSOC || $fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_BOTH) && ($this->portability & Connection::PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE)
-        );
+        $iterateRow = $this->portability & (Connection::PORTABILITY_EMPTY_TO_NULL|Connection::PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
+        $fixCase    = ! is_null($this->case)
+            && ($fetchMode === FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE || $fetchMode === FetchMode::MIXED)
+            && ($this->portability & Connection::PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE);
+
+        $row = $this->fixRow($row, $iterateRow, $fixCase);
 
         return $row;
     }
@@ -170,12 +173,15 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
         }
 
         $iterateRow = $this->portability & (Connection::PORTABILITY_EMPTY_TO_NULL|Connection::PORTABILITY_RTRIM);
-        $fixCase = !is_null($this->case) && ($fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_ASSOC || $fetchMode == PDO::FETCH_BOTH) && ($this->portability & Connection::PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE);
+        $fixCase    = ! is_null($this->case)
+            && ($fetchMode === FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE || $fetchMode === FetchMode::MIXED)
+            && ($this->portability & Connection::PORTABILITY_FIX_CASE);
+
         if ( ! $iterateRow && !$fixCase) {
             return $rows;
         }
 
-        if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             foreach ($rows as $num => $row) {
                 $rows[$num] = [$row];
             }
@@ -185,7 +191,7 @@ public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $fetchArgument = null, $ctorArgs = n
             $rows[$num] = $this->fixRow($row, $iterateRow, $fixCase);
         }
 
-        if ($fetchMode === PDO::FETCH_COLUMN) {
+        if ($fetchMode === FetchMode::COLUMN) {
             foreach ($rows as $num => $row) {
                 $rows[$num] = $row[0];
             }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php
index 5e0ce9118a1..43f2d82c6b4 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilder.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Query;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\CompositeExpression;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
 
@@ -262,9 +263,9 @@ public function getSQL()
      *         ->setParameter(':user_id', 1);
      * </code>
      *
-     * @param string|integer      $key   The parameter position or name.
-     * @param mixed               $value The parameter value.
-     * @param string|integer|null $type  One of the PDO::PARAM_* constants.
+     * @param string|int      $key   The parameter position or name.
+     * @param mixed           $value The parameter value.
+     * @param string|int|null $type  One of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType} constants.
      *
      * @return $this This QueryBuilder instance.
      */
@@ -1256,7 +1257,7 @@ public function __toString()
      *
      * @return string the placeholder name used.
      */
-    public function createNamedParameter($value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR, $placeHolder = null)
+    public function createNamedParameter($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $placeHolder = null)
     {
         if ($placeHolder === null) {
             $this->boundCounter++;
@@ -1280,8 +1281,8 @@ public function createNamedParameter($value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR, $placeHold
      *  $qb = $conn->createQueryBuilder();
      *  $qb->select('u.*')
      *     ->from('users', 'u')
-     *     ->where('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Foo', PDO::PARAM_STR))
-     *     ->orWhere('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Bar', PDO::PARAM_STR))
+     *     ->where('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Foo', ParameterType::STRING))
+     *     ->orWhere('u.username = ' . $qb->createPositionalParameter('Bar', ParameterType::STRING))
      * </code>
      *
      * @param mixed $value
@@ -1289,7 +1290,7 @@ public function createNamedParameter($value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR, $placeHold
      *
      * @return string
      */
-    public function createPositionalParameter($value, $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+    public function createPositionalParameter($value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         $this->boundCounter++;
         $this->setParameter($this->boundCounter, $value, $type);
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/SQLParserUtils.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/SQLParserUtils.php
index afbb6aa4f10..d3b600c917a 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/SQLParserUtils.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/SQLParserUtils.php
@@ -139,7 +139,9 @@ public static function expandListParameters($query, $params, $types)
                 $types = array_merge(
                     array_slice($types, 0, $needle),
                     $count ?
-                        array_fill(0, $count, $types[$needle] - Connection::ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET) : // array needles are at PDO::PARAM_* + 100
+                        // array needles are at {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType} constants
+                        // + {@link Doctrine\DBAL\Connection::ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET}
+                        array_fill(0, $count, $types[$needle] - Connection::ARRAY_PARAM_OFFSET) :
                         [],
                     array_slice($types, $needle + 1)
                 );
@@ -166,7 +168,7 @@ public static function expandListParameters($query, $params, $types)
                 $pos         += $queryOffset;
                 $queryOffset -= ($paramLen - 1);
                 $paramsOrd[]  = $value;
-                $typesOrd[]   = static::extractParam($paramName, $types, false, \PDO::PARAM_STR);
+                $typesOrd[]   = static::extractParam($paramName, $types, false, ParameterType::STRING);
                 $query        = substr($query, 0, $pos) . '?' . substr($query, ($pos + $paramLen));
 
                 continue;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Schema/SqliteSchemaManager.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Schema/SqliteSchemaManager.php
index 9420bad888f..9f1adbd0f4e 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Schema/SqliteSchemaManager.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Schema/SqliteSchemaManager.php
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Schema;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\StringType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TextType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ protected function _getPortableTableIndexesList($tableIndexes, $tableName=null)
 
         // fetch primary
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("PRAGMA TABLE_INFO ('$tableName')");
-        $indexArray = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $indexArray = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
         usort($indexArray, function($a, $b) {
             if ($a['pk'] == $b['pk']) {
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ protected function _getPortableTableIndexesList($tableIndexes, $tableName=null)
                 $idx['non_unique'] = $tableIndex['unique']?false:true;
 
                 $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("PRAGMA INDEX_INFO ('{$keyName}')");
-                $indexArray = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+                $indexArray = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
                 foreach ($indexArray as $indexColumnRow) {
                     $idx['column_name'] = $indexColumnRow['name'];
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Statement.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Statement.php
index 409d83fb79e..6469e501f0a 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Statement.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Statement.php
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL;
 
-use PDO;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement as DriverStatement;
 
@@ -102,7 +101,7 @@ public function __construct($sql, Connection $conn)
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure.
      */
-    public function bindValue($name, $value, $type = null)
+    public function bindValue($name, $value, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
     {
         $this->params[$name] = $value;
         $this->types[$name] = $type;
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ public function bindValue($name, $value, $type = null)
                 $value = $type->convertToDatabaseValue($value, $this->platform);
                 $bindingType = $type->getBindingType();
             } else {
-                $bindingType = $type; // PDO::PARAM_* constants
+                $bindingType = $type;
             }
 
             return $this->stmt->bindValue($name, $value, $bindingType);
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ public function bindValue($name, $value, $type = null)
      *
      * @return bool TRUE on success, FALSE on failure.
      */
-    public function bindParam($name, &$var, $type = PDO::PARAM_STR, $length = null)
+    public function bindParam($name, &$var, $type = ParameterType::STRING, $length = null)
     {
         $this->params[$name] = $var;
         $this->types[$name] = $type;
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BigIntType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BigIntType.php
index c0ede8f5b12..9a2b42953ad 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BigIntType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BigIntType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -50,7 +51,7 @@ public function getSQLDeclaration(array $fieldDeclaration, AbstractPlatform $pla
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+        return ParameterType::STRING;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BinaryType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BinaryType.php
index a22a4405425..a112e776a15 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BinaryType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BinaryType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -73,6 +74,6 @@ public function getName()
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_LOB;
+        return ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT;
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BlobType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BlobType.php
index bd89301e21b..b0173e1a6d7 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BlobType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BlobType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -72,6 +73,6 @@ public function getName()
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_LOB;
+        return ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT;
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BooleanType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BooleanType.php
index 9fea80f10a2..748f7f52942 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BooleanType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/BooleanType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -65,6 +66,6 @@ public function getName()
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_BOOL;
+        return ParameterType::BOOLEAN;
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/IntegerType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/IntegerType.php
index 9e8d0da3799..3c83341ded0 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/IntegerType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/IntegerType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -58,6 +59,6 @@ public function convertToPHPValue($value, AbstractPlatform $platform)
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_INT;
+        return ParameterType::INTEGER;
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/SmallIntType.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/SmallIntType.php
index 4d7229c9be0..1a2abdbe062 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/SmallIntType.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/SmallIntType.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 
 /**
@@ -57,6 +58,6 @@ public function convertToPHPValue($value, AbstractPlatform $platform)
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_INT;
+        return ParameterType::INTEGER;
     }
 }
diff --git a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/Type.php b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/Type.php
index 7aa04f41360..eed08fc5a76 100644
--- a/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/Type.php
+++ b/lib/Doctrine/DBAL/Types/Type.php
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
 
@@ -247,19 +248,13 @@ public static function overrideType($name, $className)
      * Gets the (preferred) binding type for values of this type that
      * can be used when binding parameters to prepared statements.
      *
-     * This method should return one of the PDO::PARAM_* constants, that is, one of:
-     *
-     * PDO::PARAM_BOOL
-     * PDO::PARAM_NULL
-     * PDO::PARAM_INT
-     * PDO::PARAM_STR
-     * PDO::PARAM_LOB
+     * This method should return one of the {@link \Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType} constants.
      *
      * @return int
      */
     public function getBindingType()
     {
-        return \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+        return ParameterType::STRING;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Cache/QueryCacheProfileTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Cache/QueryCacheProfileTest.php
index fcc46382d18..553af666784 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Cache/QueryCacheProfileTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Cache/QueryCacheProfileTest.php
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Cache;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\QueryCacheProfile;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DbalTestCase;
-use PDO;
 
 class QueryCacheProfileTest extends DbalTestCase
 {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public function testShouldUseTheGivenCacheKeyIfPresent()
     {
         $query  = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
         $params = [666];
-        $types  = [PDO::PARAM_INT];
+        $types  = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
 
         $connectionParams = array(
             'dbname'   => 'database_name',
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public function testShouldGenerateAnAutomaticKeyIfNoKeyHasBeenGiven()
     {
         $query  = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
         $params = [666];
-        $types  = [PDO::PARAM_INT];
+        $types  = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
 
         $connectionParams = array(
             'dbname'   => 'database_name',
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public function testShouldGenerateDifferentKeysForSameQueryAndParamsAndDifferent
     {
         $query  = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
         $params = [666];
-        $types  = [PDO::PARAM_INT];
+        $types  = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
 
         $connectionParams = array(
             'dbname'   => 'database_name',
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public function testShouldGenerateSameKeysIfNoneOfTheParamsChanges()
     {
         $query  = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
         $params = [666];
-        $types  = [PDO::PARAM_INT];
+        $types  = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
 
         $connectionParams = array(
             'dbname'   => 'database_name',
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/ConnectionTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/ConnectionTest.php
index 43ed2b214cb..46a3c49df02 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/ConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/ConnectionTest.php
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\ConnectionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection as DriverConnection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Events;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Exception\InvalidArgumentException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
-use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverConnectionMock;
 use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock;
 use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\VersionAwarePlatformDriverMock;
 
+/**
+ * @requires extension pdo_mysql
+ */
 class ConnectionTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\DbalTestCase
 {
     /**
@@ -44,7 +49,9 @@ public function getExecuteUpdateMockConnection()
 
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
 
         $conn = $this->getMockBuilder(Connection::class)
             ->setMethods(['executeUpdate'])
@@ -153,6 +160,7 @@ public function testEventManagerPassedToPlatform()
     }
 
     /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
      * @expectedException \Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException
      * @dataProvider getQueryMethods
      */
@@ -231,7 +239,9 @@ public function testConnectStartsTransactionInNoAutoCommitMode()
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
         $conn = new Connection(array('platform' => new Mocks\MockPlatform()), $driverMock);
 
         $conn->setAutoCommit(false);
@@ -251,7 +261,9 @@ public function testCommitStartsTransactionInNoAutoCommitMode()
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
         $conn = new Connection(array('platform' => new Mocks\MockPlatform()), $driverMock);
 
         $conn->setAutoCommit(false);
@@ -269,7 +281,9 @@ public function testRollBackStartsTransactionInNoAutoCommitMode()
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
         $conn = new Connection(array('platform' => new Mocks\MockPlatform()), $driverMock);
 
         $conn->setAutoCommit(false);
@@ -287,7 +301,9 @@ public function testSwitchingAutoCommitModeCommitsAllCurrentTransactions()
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
         $conn = new Connection(array('platform' => new Mocks\MockPlatform()), $driverMock);
 
         $conn->connect();
@@ -479,21 +495,23 @@ public function testDeleteWithIsNull()
     public function testFetchAssoc()
     {
         $statement = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
-        $params    = array(666);
-        $types     = array(\PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $result    = array();
+        $params    = [666];
+        $types     = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
+        $result    = [];
 
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
 
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
 
         $driverStatementMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverStatementMock');
 
         $driverStatementMock->expects($this->once())
             ->method('fetch')
-            ->with(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
+            ->with(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE)
             ->will($this->returnValue($result));
 
         /** @var \PHPUnit_Framework_MockObject_MockObject|\Doctrine\DBAL\Connection $conn */
@@ -513,21 +531,23 @@ public function testFetchAssoc()
     public function testFetchArray()
     {
         $statement = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
-        $params    = array(666);
-        $types     = array(\PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $result    = array();
+        $params    = [666];
+        $types     = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
+        $result    = [];
 
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
 
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
 
         $driverStatementMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverStatementMock');
 
         $driverStatementMock->expects($this->once())
             ->method('fetch')
-            ->with(\PDO::FETCH_NUM)
+            ->with(FetchMode::NUMERIC)
             ->will($this->returnValue($result));
 
         /** @var \PHPUnit_Framework_MockObject_MockObject|\Doctrine\DBAL\Connection $conn */
@@ -547,16 +567,18 @@ public function testFetchArray()
     public function testFetchColumn()
     {
         $statement = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
-        $params    = array(666);
-        $types     = array(\PDO::PARAM_INT);
+        $params    = [666];
+        $types     = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
         $column    = 0;
-        $result    = array();
+        $result    = [];
 
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
 
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
 
         $driverStatementMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverStatementMock');
 
@@ -605,15 +627,17 @@ public function testConnectionIsClosedButNotUnset()
     public function testFetchAll()
     {
         $statement = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
-        $params    = array(666);
-        $types     = array(\PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $result    = array();
+        $params    = [666];
+        $types     = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
+        $result    = [];
 
         $driverMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver');
 
         $driverMock->expects($this->any())
             ->method('connect')
-            ->will($this->returnValue(new DriverConnectionMock()));
+            ->will($this->returnValue(
+                $this->createMock(DriverConnection::class)
+            ));
 
         $driverStatementMock = $this->createMock('Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverStatementMock');
 
@@ -756,7 +780,7 @@ public function testConnectionParamsArePassedToTheQueryCacheProfileInExecuteCach
 
         $query  = 'SELECT * FROM foo WHERE bar = ?';
         $params = [666];
-        $types  = [\PDO::PARAM_INT];
+        $types  = [ParameterType::INTEGER];
 
         /* @var $queryCacheProfileMock QueryCacheProfile|\PHPUnit_Framework_MockObject_MockObject */
         $queryCacheProfileMock = $this->createMock(QueryCacheProfile::class);
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/DriverManagerTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/DriverManagerTest.php
index d5155de2f73..473c0ac0206 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/DriverManagerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/DriverManagerTest.php
@@ -3,42 +3,51 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
-use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\PDOMock;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\DrizzlePDOMySql\Driver as DrizzlePDOMySqlDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver as PDOMySQLDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver as PDOSqliteDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\SQLSrv\Driver as SQLSrvDriver;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
+use Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Mocks\MockPlatform;
+use Doctrine\Tests\DbalTestCase;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\ConnectionMock;
+use Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock;
+use stdClass;
 
-class DriverManagerTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\DbalTestCase
+class DriverManagerTest extends DbalTestCase
 {
     /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
      * @expectedException \Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException
      */
     public function testInvalidPdoInstance()
     {
-        $options = array(
-            'pdo' => 'test'
-        );
-        $test = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        DriverManager::getConnection(['pdo' => 'test']);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+     */
     public function testValidPdoInstance()
     {
-        $options = array(
-            'pdo' => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:')
-        );
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        $conn = DriverManager::getConnection([
+            'pdo' => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:'),
+        ]);
+
         self::assertEquals('sqlite', $conn->getDatabasePlatform()->getName());
     }
 
     /**
      * @group DBAL-32
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
      */
     public function testPdoInstanceSetErrorMode()
     {
         $pdo = new \PDO('sqlite::memory:');
         $pdo->setAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, \PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT);
-        $options = array(
-            'pdo' => $pdo
-        );
+        $options = ['pdo' => $pdo];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        DriverManager::getConnection($options);
         self::assertEquals(\PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION, $pdo->getAttribute(\PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE));
     }
 
@@ -47,7 +56,7 @@ public function testPdoInstanceSetErrorMode()
      */
     public function testCheckParams()
     {
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection(array());
+        DriverManager::getConnection([]);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -55,65 +64,70 @@ public function testCheckParams()
      */
     public function testInvalidDriver()
     {
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection(array('driver' => 'invalid_driver'));
+        DriverManager::getConnection(['driver' => 'invalid_driver']);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+     */
     public function testCustomPlatform()
     {
-        $mockPlatform = new \Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Mocks\MockPlatform();
-        $options = array(
-            'pdo' => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:'),
-            'platform' => $mockPlatform
-        );
+        $mockPlatform = new MockPlatform();
+        $options      = [
+            'pdo'      => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:'),
+            'platform' => $mockPlatform,
+        ];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        $conn = DriverManager::getConnection($options);
         self::assertSame($mockPlatform, $conn->getDatabasePlatform());
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+     */
     public function testCustomWrapper()
     {
-        $wrapperClass = 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\ConnectionMock';
+        $wrapperClass = ConnectionMock::class;
 
-        $options = array(
+        $options = [
             'pdo' => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:'),
             'wrapperClass' => $wrapperClass,
-        );
+        ];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        $conn = DriverManager::getConnection($options);
         self::assertInstanceOf($wrapperClass, $conn);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+     */
     public function testInvalidWrapperClass()
     {
         $this->expectException(DBALException::class);
 
-        $options = array(
+        $options = [
             'pdo' => new \PDO('sqlite::memory:'),
-            'wrapperClass' => 'stdClass',
-        );
+            'wrapperClass' => stdClass::class,
+        ];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        DriverManager::getConnection($options);
     }
 
     public function testInvalidDriverClass()
     {
         $this->expectException(DBALException::class);
 
-        $options = array(
-            'driverClass' => 'stdClass'
-        );
+        $options = ['driverClass' => stdClass::class];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        DriverManager::getConnection($options);
     }
 
     public function testValidDriverClass()
     {
-        $options = array(
-            'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySql\Driver',
-        );
+        $options = ['driverClass' => PDOMySQLDriver::class];
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
-        self::assertInstanceOf('Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySql\Driver', $conn->getDriver());
+        $conn = DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        self::assertInstanceOf(PDOMySQLDriver::class, $conn->getDriver());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -121,19 +135,27 @@ public function testValidDriverClass()
      */
     public function testDatabaseUrl($url, $expected)
     {
-        $options = is_array($url) ? $url : array(
-            'url' => $url,
-        );
+        $options = is_array($url) ? $url : ['url' => $url];
+
+        if (isset($options['pdo'])) {
+            if (! extension_loaded('pdo')) {
+                $this->markTestSkipped('PDO is not installed');
+            }
+
+            $options['pdo'] = $this->createMock(\PDO::class);
+        }
+
+        $options = is_array($url) ? $url : ['url' => $url];
 
         if ($expected === false) {
             $this->expectException(DBALException::class);
         }
 
-        $conn = \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($options);
+        $conn = DriverManager::getConnection($options);
 
         $params = $conn->getParams();
         foreach ($expected as $key => $value) {
-            if (in_array($key, array('pdo', 'driver', 'driverClass'), true)) {
+            if (in_array($key, ['pdo', 'driver', 'driverClass'], true)) {
                 self::assertInstanceOf($value, $conn->getDriver());
             } else {
                 self::assertEquals($value, $params[$key]);
@@ -143,123 +165,294 @@ public function testDatabaseUrl($url, $expected)
 
     public function databaseUrls()
     {
-        $pdoMock = $this->createMock(PDOMock::class);
-
-        return array(
-            'simple URL' => array(
+        return [
+            'simple URL' => [
                 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'simple URL with port' => array(
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'simple URL with port' => [
                 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost:11211/baz',
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 11211, 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite relative URL with host' => array(
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'port'     => 11211,
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite relative URL with host' => [
                 'sqlite://localhost/foo/dbname.sqlite',
-                array('path' => 'foo/dbname.sqlite', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite absolute URL with host' => array(
+                [
+                    'path'   => 'foo/dbname.sqlite',
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite absolute URL with host' => [
                 'sqlite://localhost//tmp/dbname.sqlite',
-                array('path' => '/tmp/dbname.sqlite', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite relative URL without host' => array(
+                [
+                    'path'   => '/tmp/dbname.sqlite',
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite relative URL without host' => [
                 'sqlite:///foo/dbname.sqlite',
-                array('path' => 'foo/dbname.sqlite', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite absolute URL without host' => array(
+                [
+                    'path'   => 'foo/dbname.sqlite',
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite absolute URL without host' => [
                 'sqlite:////tmp/dbname.sqlite',
-                array('path' => '/tmp/dbname.sqlite', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite memory' => array(
+                [
+                    'path'   => '/tmp/dbname.sqlite',
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite memory' => [
                 'sqlite:///:memory:',
-                array('memory' => true, 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'sqlite memory with host' => array(
+                [
+                    'memory' => true,
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'sqlite memory with host' => [
                 'sqlite://localhost/:memory:',
-                array('memory' => true, 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOSqlite\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'params parsed from URL override individual params' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'password' => 'lulz'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'params not parsed from URL but individual params are preserved' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'port' => 1234),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'port' => 1234, 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'query params from URL are used as extra params' => array(
+                [
+                    'memory' => true,
+                    'driver' => PDOSqliteDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'params parsed from URL override individual params' => [
+                [
+                    'url'      => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'password' => 'lulz',
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'params not parsed from URL but individual params are preserved' => [
+                [
+                    'url'  => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'port' => 1234,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'port'     => 1234,
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'query params from URL are used as extra params' => [
                 'url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/dbname?charset=UTF-8',
-                array('charset' => 'UTF-8'),
-            ),
-            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme not defined in map' => array(
+                ['charset' => 'UTF-8'],
+            ],
+            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme not defined in map' => [
                 'sqlsrv://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\SQLSrv\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme containing underscores fails' => array(
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => SQLSrvDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme containing underscores fails' => [
                 'drizzle_pdo_mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
                 false,
-            ),
-            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme containing dashes works' => array(
+            ],
+            'simple URL with fallthrough scheme containing dashes works' => [
                 'drizzle-pdo-mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\DrizzlePDOMySql\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'simple URL with percent encoding' => array(
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => DrizzlePDOMySqlDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'simple URL with percent encoding' => [
                 'mysql://foo%3A:bar%2F@localhost/baz+baz%40',
-                array('user' => 'foo:', 'password' => 'bar/', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz+baz@', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'simple URL with percent sign in password' => array(
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo:',
+                    'password' => 'bar/',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz+baz@',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'simple URL with percent sign in password' => [
                 'mysql://foo:bar%25bar@localhost/baz',
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar%bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar%bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
 
             // DBAL-1234
-            'URL without scheme and without any driver information' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz'),
+            'URL without scheme and without any driver information' => [
+                ['url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz'],
                 false,
-            ),
-            'URL without scheme but default PDO driver' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'pdo' => $pdoMock),
+            ],
+            'URL without scheme but default PDO driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'pdo' => true,
+                ],
                 false,
-            ),
-            'URL without scheme but default driver' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driver' => 'pdo_mysql'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL without scheme but custom driver' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-            ),
-            'URL without scheme but default PDO driver and default driver' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'pdo' => $pdoMock, 'driver' => 'pdo_mysql'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL without scheme but driver and custom driver' => array(
-                array('url' => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driver' => 'pdo_mysql', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default PDO driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'pdo' => $pdoMock),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driver' => 'sqlite'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default custom driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default PDO driver and default driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'pdo' => $pdoMock, 'driver' => 'sqlite'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default driver and default custom driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'driver' => 'sqlite',  'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-            'URL with default PDO driver and default driver and default custom driver' => array(
-                array('url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz', 'pdo' => $pdoMock, 'driver' => 'sqlite', 'driverClass' => 'Doctrine\Tests\Mocks\DriverMock'),
-                array('user' => 'foo', 'password' => 'bar', 'host' => 'localhost', 'dbname' => 'baz', 'driver' => 'Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\PDOMySQL\Driver'),
-            ),
-        );
+            ],
+            'URL without scheme but default driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'    => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driver' => 'pdo_mysql',
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL without scheme but custom driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'         => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'        => 'foo',
+                    'password'    => 'bar',
+                    'host'        => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'      => 'baz',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL without scheme but default PDO driver and default driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'    => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'pdo'    => true,
+                    'driver' => 'pdo_mysql',
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL without scheme but driver and custom driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'         => '//foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driver'      => 'pdo_mysql',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'        => 'foo',
+                    'password'    => 'bar',
+                    'host'        => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'      => 'baz',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default PDO driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url' => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'pdo' => true,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'    => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driver' => 'sqlite',
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default custom driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'         => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default PDO driver and default driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'    => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'pdo'    => true,
+                    'driver' => 'sqlite',
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default driver and default custom driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'         => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'driver'      => 'sqlite',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+            'URL with default PDO driver and default driver and default custom driver' => [
+                [
+                    'url'         => 'mysql://foo:bar@localhost/baz',
+                    'pdo'         => true,
+                    'driver'      => 'sqlite',
+                    'driverClass' => DriverMock::class,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'user'     => 'foo',
+                    'password' => 'bar',
+                    'host'     => 'localhost',
+                    'dbname'   => 'baz',
+                    'driver'   => PDOMySQLDriver::class,
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/BlobTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/BlobTest.php
index 557974e4cdc..ebbff67bcef 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/BlobTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/BlobTest.php
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
-use PDO;
 
 /**
  * @group DBAL-6
@@ -37,35 +37,60 @@ protected function setUp()
 
     public function testInsert()
     {
-        $ret = $this->_conn->insert('blob_table',
-            array('id' => 1, 'clobfield' => 'test', 'blobfield' => 'test', 'binaryfield' => 'test'),
-            array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_LOB, \PDO::PARAM_LOB)
-        );
+        $ret = $this->_conn->insert('blob_table', [
+            'id'          => 1,
+            'clobfield'   => 'test',
+            'blobfield'   => 'test',
+            'binaryfield' => 'test',
+        ], [
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::STRING,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+        ]);
+
         self::assertEquals(1, $ret);
     }
 
     public function testSelect()
     {
-        $this->_conn->insert('blob_table',
-            array('id' => 1, 'clobfield' => 'test', 'blobfield' => 'test', 'binaryfield' => 'test'),
-            array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_LOB, \PDO::PARAM_LOB)
-        );
+        $this->_conn->insert('blob_table', [
+            'id'          => 1,
+            'clobfield'   => 'test',
+            'blobfield'   => 'test',
+            'binaryfield' => 'test',
+        ], [
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::STRING,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+        ]);
 
         $this->assertBlobContains('test');
     }
 
     public function testUpdate()
     {
-        $this->_conn->insert('blob_table',
-            array('id' => 1, 'clobfield' => 'test', 'blobfield' => 'test', 'binaryfield' => 'test'),
-            array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_LOB, \PDO::PARAM_LOB)
-        );
-
-        $this->_conn->update('blob_table',
-            array('blobfield' => 'test2', 'binaryfield' => 'test2'),
-            array('id' => 1),
-            array(\PDO::PARAM_LOB, \PDO::PARAM_LOB, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
-        );
+        $this->_conn->insert('blob_table', [
+            'id' => 1,
+            'clobfield' => 'test',
+            'blobfield' => 'test',
+            'binaryfield' => 'test',
+        ], [
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            ParameterType::STRING,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+        ]);
+
+        $this->_conn->update('blob_table', [
+            'blobfield' => 'test2',
+            'binaryfield' => 'test2',
+        ], ['id' => 1], [
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+            ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT,
+            ParameterType::INTEGER,
+        ]);
 
         $this->assertBlobContains('test2');
         $this->assertBinaryContains('test2');
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ConnectionTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ConnectionTest.php
index a595d2d2a2d..e1b81198727 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ConnectionTest.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\ConnectionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 
@@ -242,7 +243,10 @@ public function testTransactionalReturnValue()
      */
     public function testQuote()
     {
-        self::assertEquals($this->_conn->quote("foo", Type::STRING), $this->_conn->quote("foo", \PDO::PARAM_STR));
+        self::assertEquals(
+            $this->_conn->quote('foo', Type::STRING),
+            $this->_conn->quote('foo', ParameterType::STRING)
+        );
     }
 
     public function testPingDoesTriggersConnect()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/DataAccessTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/DataAccessTest.php
index d35e9baf5c6..503594d8ebf 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/DataAccessTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/DataAccessTest.php
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\TrimMode;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
-use PDO;
 
 class DataAccessTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\DbalFunctionalTestCase
 {
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithBindValue()
         $stmt->bindValue(2, 'foo');
         $stmt->execute();
 
-        $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         $row = array_change_key_case($row, \CASE_LOWER);
         self::assertEquals(array('test_int' => 1, 'test_string' => 'foo'), $row);
     }
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithBindParam()
         $stmt->bindParam(2, $paramStr);
         $stmt->execute();
 
-        $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         $row = array_change_key_case($row, \CASE_LOWER);
         self::assertEquals(array('test_int' => 1, 'test_string' => 'foo'), $row);
     }
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithFetchAll()
         $stmt->bindParam(2, $paramStr);
         $stmt->execute();
 
-        $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $rows    = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         $rows[0] = array_change_key_case($rows[0], \CASE_LOWER);
         self::assertEquals(array('test_int' => 1, 'test_string' => 'foo'), $rows[0]);
     }
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithFetchAllBoth()
         $stmt->bindParam(2, $paramStr);
         $stmt->execute();
 
-        $rows = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
+        $rows    = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::MIXED);
         $rows[0] = array_change_key_case($rows[0], \CASE_LOWER);
         self::assertEquals(array('test_int' => 1, 'test_string' => 'foo', 0 => 1, 1 => 'foo'), $rows[0]);
     }
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithIterator()
         $stmt->execute();
 
         $rows = array();
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         foreach ($stmt as $row) {
             $rows[] = array_change_key_case($row, \CASE_LOWER);
         }
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ public function testPrepareWithExecuteParams()
         self::assertInstanceOf('Doctrine\DBAL\Statement', $stmt);
         $stmt->execute(array($paramInt, $paramStr));
 
-        $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         self::assertNotFalse($row);
         $row = array_change_key_case($row, \CASE_LOWER);
         self::assertEquals(array('test_int' => 1, 'test_string' => 'foo'), $row);
@@ -193,8 +194,9 @@ public function testFetchAllWithTypes()
     {
         $datetimeString = '2010-01-01 10:10:10';
         $datetime = new \DateTime($datetimeString);
-        $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?";
-        $data = $this->_conn->fetchAll($sql, array(1, $datetime), array(PDO::PARAM_STR, Type::DATETIME));
+
+        $sql  = 'SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?';
+        $data = $this->_conn->fetchAll($sql, [1, $datetime], [ParameterType::STRING, Type::DATETIME]);
 
         self::assertCount(1, $data);
 
@@ -225,8 +227,8 @@ public function testFetchAllWithMissingTypes()
 
     public function testFetchBoth()
     {
-        $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_string FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_string = ?";
-        $row = $this->_conn->executeQuery($sql, array(1, 'foo'))->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
+        $sql = 'SELECT test_int, test_string FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_string = ?';
+        $row = $this->_conn->executeQuery($sql, [1, 'foo'])->fetch(FetchMode::MIXED);
 
         self::assertNotFalse($row);
 
@@ -262,8 +264,9 @@ public function testFetchAssocWithTypes()
     {
         $datetimeString = '2010-01-01 10:10:10';
         $datetime = new \DateTime($datetimeString);
-        $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?";
-        $row = $this->_conn->fetchAssoc($sql, array(1, $datetime), array(PDO::PARAM_STR, Type::DATETIME));
+
+        $sql = 'SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?';
+        $row = $this->_conn->fetchAssoc($sql, [1, $datetime], [ParameterType::STRING, Type::DATETIME]);
 
         self::assertNotFalse($row);
 
@@ -302,8 +305,9 @@ public function testFetchArrayWithTypes()
     {
         $datetimeString = '2010-01-01 10:10:10';
         $datetime = new \DateTime($datetimeString);
-        $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?";
-        $row = $this->_conn->fetchArray($sql, array(1, $datetime), array(PDO::PARAM_STR, Type::DATETIME));
+
+        $sql = 'SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?';
+        $row = $this->_conn->fetchArray($sql, [1, $datetime], [ParameterType::STRING, Type::DATETIME]);
 
         self::assertNotFalse($row);
 
@@ -346,8 +350,9 @@ public function testFetchColumnWithTypes()
     {
         $datetimeString = '2010-01-01 10:10:10';
         $datetime = new \DateTime($datetimeString);
-        $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?";
-        $column = $this->_conn->fetchColumn($sql, array(1, $datetime), 1, array(PDO::PARAM_STR, Type::DATETIME));
+
+        $sql    = 'SELECT test_int, test_datetime FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_datetime = ?';
+        $column = $this->_conn->fetchColumn($sql, [1, $datetime], 1, [ParameterType::STRING, Type::DATETIME]);
 
         self::assertNotFalse($column);
 
@@ -392,10 +397,15 @@ public function testExecuteUpdateBindDateTimeType()
         $datetime = new \DateTime('2010-02-02 20:20:20');
 
         $sql = 'INSERT INTO fetch_table (test_int, test_string, test_datetime) VALUES (?, ?, ?)';
-        $affectedRows = $this->_conn->executeUpdate($sql,
-            array(1 => 50,              2 => 'foo',             3 => $datetime),
-            array(1 => PDO::PARAM_INT,  2 => PDO::PARAM_STR,    3 => Type::DATETIME)
-        );
+        $affectedRows = $this->_conn->executeUpdate($sql, [
+            1 => 50,
+            2 => 'foo',
+            3 => $datetime,
+        ], [
+            1 => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+            2 => ParameterType::STRING,
+            3 => Type::DATETIME,
+        ]);
 
         self::assertEquals(1, $affectedRows);
         self::assertEquals(1, $this->_conn->executeQuery(
@@ -430,14 +440,14 @@ public function testNativeArrayListSupport()
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery('SELECT test_int FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int IN (?)',
             array(array(100, 101, 102, 103, 104)), array(Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY));
 
-        $data = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $data = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
         self::assertCount(5, $data);
         self::assertEquals(array(array(100), array(101), array(102), array(103), array(104)), $data);
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery('SELECT test_int FROM fetch_table WHERE test_string IN (?)',
             array(array('foo100', 'foo101', 'foo102', 'foo103', 'foo104')), array(Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY));
 
-        $data = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $data = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
         self::assertCount(5, $data);
         self::assertEquals(array(array(100), array(101), array(102), array(103), array(104)), $data);
     }
@@ -614,8 +624,8 @@ public function testBitComparisonExpressionSupport()
         $sql[]  = $platform->getBitAndComparisonExpression('test_int', 2) . ' AS bit_and ';
         $sql[]  = 'FROM fetch_table';
 
-        $stmt   = $this->_conn->executeQuery(implode(PHP_EOL, $sql));
-        $data   = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery(implode(PHP_EOL, $sql));
+        $data = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
 
         self::assertCount(4, $data);
@@ -641,7 +651,7 @@ public function testBitComparisonExpressionSupport()
     public function testSetDefaultFetchMode()
     {
         $stmt = $this->_conn->query("SELECT * FROM fetch_table");
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         $row = array_keys($stmt->fetch());
         self::assertCount(0, array_filter($row, function($v) { return ! is_numeric($v); }), "should be no non-numerical elements in the result.");
@@ -659,7 +669,7 @@ public function testFetchAllStyleObject()
 
         $stmt->execute();
 
-        $results = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_OBJ);
+        $results = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::STANDARD_OBJECT);
 
         self::assertCount(1, $results);
         self::assertInstanceOf('stdClass', $results[0]);
@@ -691,7 +701,7 @@ public function testFetchAllSupportFetchClass()
         $stmt->execute();
 
         $results = $stmt->fetchAll(
-            \PDO::FETCH_CLASS,
+            FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT,
             __NAMESPACE__.'\\MyFetchClass'
         );
 
@@ -715,7 +725,7 @@ public function testFetchAllStyleColumn()
         $this->_conn->insert('fetch_table', array('test_int' => 10, 'test_string' => 'foo'));
 
         $sql = "SELECT test_int FROM fetch_table";
-        $rows = $this->_conn->query($sql)->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+        $rows = $this->_conn->query($sql)->fetchAll(FetchMode::COLUMN);
 
         self::assertEquals(array(1, 10), $rows);
     }
@@ -730,7 +740,7 @@ public function testSetFetchModeClassFetchAll()
 
         $sql = "SELECT * FROM fetch_table";
         $stmt = $this->_conn->query($sql);
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_CLASS, __NAMESPACE__ . '\\MyFetchClass');
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT, __NAMESPACE__ . '\\MyFetchClass');
 
         $results = $stmt->fetchAll();
 
@@ -752,7 +762,7 @@ public function testSetFetchModeClassFetch()
 
         $sql = "SELECT * FROM fetch_table";
         $stmt = $this->_conn->query($sql);
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_CLASS, __NAMESPACE__ . '\\MyFetchClass');
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT, __NAMESPACE__ . '\\MyFetchClass');
 
         $results = array();
         while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
@@ -786,7 +796,7 @@ public function testSetFetchModeOnDbalStatement()
     {
         $sql = "SELECT test_int, test_string FROM fetch_table WHERE test_int = ? AND test_string = ?";
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery($sql, array(1, "foo"));
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         $row = $stmt->fetch();
 
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Driver/PDOPgsqlConnectionTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Driver/PDOPgsqlConnectionTest.php
index c4d7382d525..1b7c9b587ce 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Driver/PDOPgsqlConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Driver/PDOPgsqlConnectionTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional\Driver;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\PostgreSqlPlatform;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DbalFunctionalTestCase;
 
@@ -40,7 +41,11 @@ public function testConnectsWithValidCharsetOption($charset)
             $this->_conn->getEventManager()
         );
 
-        self::assertEquals($charset, $connection->query("SHOW client_encoding")->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_COLUMN));
+        self::assertEquals(
+            $charset,
+            $connection->query('SHOW client_encoding')
+                ->fetch(FetchMode::COLUMN)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/NamedParametersTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/NamedParametersTest.php
index 539f0503b30..6f99a44d17a 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/NamedParametersTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/NamedParametersTest.php
@@ -3,138 +3,191 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional\Ticket;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table;
 
 /**
  * @group DDC-1372
  */
 class NamedParametersTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\DbalFunctionalTestCase
 {
-
     public function ticketProvider()
     {
-        return array(
-            array(
+        return [
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.foo = :foo AND f.bar IN (:bar)',
-                array('foo'=>1,'bar'=> array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array('foo'=>PDO::PARAM_INT,'bar'=> Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>1,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>1),
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => [1, 2, 3],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    'bar' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 1, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 1],
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.foo = :foo AND f.bar IN (:bar)',
-                array('foo'=>1,'bar'=> array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array('bar'=> Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,'foo'=>PDO::PARAM_INT),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>1,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>1),
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => [1, 2, 3],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'bar' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                    'foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 1, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 1],
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar IN (:bar) AND f.foo = :foo',
-                array('foo'=>1,'bar'=> array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array('bar'=> Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,'foo'=>PDO::PARAM_INT),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>1,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>1),
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => [1, 2, 3],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'bar' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                    'foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 1, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 1],
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar IN (:bar) AND f.foo = :foo',
-                array('foo'=>1,'bar'=> array('1', '2', '3')),
-                array('bar'=> Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY,'foo'=>PDO::PARAM_INT),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>1,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>1),
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => ['1', '2', '3'],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'bar' => Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY,
+                    'foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 1, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 1],
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar IN (:bar) AND f.foo IN (:foo)',
-                array('foo'=>array('1'),'bar'=> array(1, 2, 3,4)),
-                array('bar'=> Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY,'foo'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>1,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>1),
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                    array('id'=>4,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>4),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => ['1'],
+                    'bar' => [1, 2, 3, 4],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'bar' => Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY,
+                    'foo' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 1, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 1],
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                    ['id' => 4, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 4],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar IN (:bar) AND f.foo IN (:foo)',
-                array('foo'=>1,'bar'=> 2),
-                array('bar'=>PDO::PARAM_INT,'foo'=>PDO::PARAM_INT),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>2,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>2),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                [
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => 2,
+                ],
+                [
+                    'bar' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    'foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 2, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 2],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar = :arg AND f.foo <> :arg',
-                array('arg'=>'1'),
-                array('arg'=>PDO::PARAM_STR),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>5,'foo'=>2,'bar'=>1),
-                )
-            ),
-
-            array(
+                ['arg' => '1'],
+                [
+                    'arg' => ParameterType::STRING,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 5, 'foo' => 2, 'bar' => 1],
+                ],
+            ],
+
+            [
                 'SELECT * FROM ddc1372_foobar f WHERE f.bar NOT IN (:arg) AND f.foo IN (:arg)',
-                array('arg'=>array(1, 2)),
-                array('arg'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
-                array(
-                    array('id'=>3,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>3),
-                    array('id'=>4,'foo'=>1,'bar'=>4),
-                )
-            ),
-
-        );
+                [
+                    'arg' => [1, 2],
+                ],
+                [
+                    'arg' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                ],
+                [
+                    ['id' => 3, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 3],
+                    ['id' => 4, 'foo' => 1, 'bar' => 4],
+                ],
+            ],
+        ];
     }
 
     protected function setUp()
     {
         parent::setUp();
 
-        if (!$this->_conn->getSchemaManager()->tablesExist("ddc1372_foobar")) {
+        if (! $this->_conn->getSchemaManager()->tablesExist('ddc1372_foobar')) {
             try {
-                $table = new \Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table("ddc1372_foobar");
+                $table = new Table('ddc1372_foobar');
                 $table->addColumn('id', 'integer');
-                $table->addColumn('foo','string');
-                $table->addColumn('bar','string');
-                $table->setPrimaryKey(array('id'));
-
+                $table->addColumn('foo', 'string');
+                $table->addColumn('bar', 'string');
+                $table->setPrimaryKey(['id']);
 
                 $sm = $this->_conn->getSchemaManager();
                 $sm->createTable($table);
 
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 1, 'foo'   => 1,  'bar'   => 1
-                ));
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 2, 'foo'   => 1,  'bar'   => 2
-                ));
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 3, 'foo'   => 1,  'bar'   => 3
-                ));
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 4, 'foo'   => 1,  'bar'   => 4
-                ));
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 5, 'foo'   => 2,  'bar'   => 1
-                ));
-                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', array(
-                        'id'    => 6, 'foo'   => 2,  'bar'   => 2
-                ));
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 1,
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => 1,
+                ]);
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 2,
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => 2,
+                ]);
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 3,
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => 3,
+                ]);
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 4,
+                    'foo' => 1,
+                    'bar' => 4,
+                ]);
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 5,
+                    'foo' => 2,
+                    'bar' => 1,
+                ]);
+                $this->_conn->insert('ddc1372_foobar', [
+                    'id'  => 6,
+                    'foo' => 2,
+                    'bar' => 2,
+                ]);
             } catch(\Exception $e) {
                 $this->fail($e->getMessage());
             }
@@ -151,7 +204,7 @@ protected function setUp()
     public function testTicket($query,$params,$types,$expected)
     {
         $stmt   = $this->_conn->executeQuery($query, $params, $types);
-        $result = $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $result = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
         foreach ($result as $k => $v) {
             $result[$k] = array_change_key_case($v, CASE_LOWER);
@@ -159,5 +212,4 @@ public function testTicket($query,$params,$types,$expected)
 
         self::assertEquals($result, $expected);
     }
-
 }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/PortabilityTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/PortabilityTest.php
index ac4b7ef18b9..d76abdaca29 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/PortabilityTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/PortabilityTest.php
@@ -2,10 +2,11 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ColumnCase;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection as ConnectionPortability;
-use PDO;
 
 /**
  * @group DBAL-56
@@ -28,13 +29,17 @@ protected function tearDown()
      * @param int $case
      * @return  Connection
      */
-    private function getPortableConnection($portabilityMode = \Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection::PORTABILITY_ALL, $case = \PDO::CASE_LOWER)
-    {
+    private function getPortableConnection(
+        $portabilityMode = ConnectionPortability::PORTABILITY_ALL,
+        $case = ColumnCase::LOWER
+    ) {
         if (!$this->portableConnection) {
             $params = $this->_conn->getParams();
-            $params['wrapperClass'] = 'Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection';
-            $params['portability'] = $portabilityMode;
-            $params['fetch_case'] = $case;
+
+            $params['wrapperClass'] = ConnectionPortability::class;
+            $params['portability']  = $portabilityMode;
+            $params['fetch_case']   = $case;
+
             $this->portableConnection = DriverManager::getConnection($params, $this->_conn->getConfiguration(), $this->_conn->getEventManager());
 
             try {
@@ -64,19 +69,22 @@ public function testFullFetchMode()
         $this->assertFetchResultRows($rows);
 
         $stmt = $this->getPortableConnection()->query('SELECT * FROM portability_table');
-        $stmt->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $stmt->setFetchMode(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
+
         foreach ($stmt as $row) {
             $this->assertFetchResultRow($row);
         }
 
         $stmt = $this->getPortableConnection()->query('SELECT * FROM portability_table');
-        while (($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))) {
+
+        while (($row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE))) {
             $this->assertFetchResultRow($row);
         }
 
         $stmt = $this->getPortableConnection()->prepare('SELECT * FROM portability_table');
         $stmt->execute();
-        while (($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC))) {
+
+        while (($row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE))) {
             $this->assertFetchResultRow($row);
         }
     }
@@ -84,7 +92,7 @@ public function testFullFetchMode()
     public function testConnFetchMode()
     {
         $conn = $this->getPortableConnection();
-        $conn->setFetchMode(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $conn->setFetchMode(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
         $rows = $conn->fetchAll('SELECT * FROM portability_table');
         $this->assertFetchResultRows($rows);
@@ -120,10 +128,13 @@ public function assertFetchResultRow($row)
         self::assertArrayHasKey('test_string', $row, "Case should be lowered.");
         self::assertEquals(3, strlen($row['test_string']), "test_string should be rtrimed to length of three for CHAR(32) column.");
         self::assertNull($row['test_null']);
-        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(0, $row, "PDO::FETCH_ASSOC should not return numerical keys.");
+        self::assertArrayNotHasKey(0, $row, 'The row should not contain numerical keys.');
     }
 
-    public function testPortabilitySqlServer()
+    /**
+     * @requires extension pdo
+     */
+    public function testPortabilityPdoSqlServer()
     {
         $portability = ConnectionPortability::PORTABILITY_SQLSRV;
         $params = array(
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@ public function testFetchAllColumn($field, array $expected)
         $conn = $this->getPortableConnection();
         $stmt = $conn->query('SELECT ' . $field . ' FROM portability_table');
 
-        $column = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+        $column = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::COLUMN);
         self::assertEquals($expected, $column);
     }
 
@@ -176,7 +187,7 @@ public function testFetchAllNullColumn()
         $conn = $this->getPortableConnection();
         $stmt = $conn->query('SELECT Test_Null FROM portability_table');
 
-        $column = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+        $column = $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::COLUMN);
         self::assertSame(array(null, null), $column);
     }
 }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ResultCacheTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ResultCacheTest.php
index 76c2c8424e4..367a09f9e35 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ResultCacheTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/ResultCacheTest.php
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <?php
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
+
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Cache\QueryCacheProfile;
-use PDO;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
 
 /**
  * @group DDC-217
@@ -44,7 +45,10 @@ protected function tearDown()
 
     public function testCacheFetchAssoc()
     {
-        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($this->expectedResult, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual(
+            $this->expectedResult,
+            FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE
+        );
     }
 
     public function testFetchNum()
@@ -53,7 +57,8 @@ public function testFetchNum()
         foreach ($this->expectedResult as $v) {
             $expectedResult[] = array_values($v);
         }
-        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, \PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+
+        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, FetchMode::NUMERIC);
     }
 
     public function testFetchBoth()
@@ -62,7 +67,8 @@ public function testFetchBoth()
         foreach ($this->expectedResult as $v) {
             $expectedResult[] = array_merge($v, array_values($v));
         }
-        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, \PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
+
+        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, FetchMode::MIXED);
     }
 
     public function testFetchColumn()
@@ -71,7 +77,8 @@ public function testFetchColumn()
         foreach ($this->expectedResult as $v) {
             $expectedResult[] = array_shift($v);
         }
-        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, \PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+
+        self::assertCacheNonCacheSelectSameFetchModeAreEqual($expectedResult, FetchMode::COLUMN);
     }
 
     public function testMixingFetch()
@@ -82,22 +89,22 @@ public function testMixingFetch()
         }
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
-        $data = $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $data = $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
 
         self::assertEquals($this->expectedResult, $data);
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
-        $data = $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, \PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $data = $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         self::assertEquals($numExpectedResult, $data);
     }
 
     public function testIteratorFetch()
     {
-        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(\PDO::FETCH_BOTH);
-        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
-        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(\PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(FetchMode::MIXED);
+        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
+        self::assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual(FetchMode::NUMERIC);
     }
 
     public function assertStandardAndIteratorFetchAreEqual($fetchMode)
@@ -116,14 +123,16 @@ public function testDontCloseNoCache()
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
         $data = array();
-        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {
+
+        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE)) {
             $data[] = $row;
         }
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
         $data = array();
-        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_NUM)) {
+
+        while ($row = $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::NUMERIC)) {
             $data[] = $row;
         }
 
@@ -134,12 +143,12 @@ public function testDontFinishNoCache()
     {
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
-        $row = $stmt->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
+        $stmt->fetch(FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE);
         $stmt->closeCursor();
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->executeQuery("SELECT * FROM caching ORDER BY test_int ASC", array(), array(), new QueryCacheProfile(10, "testcachekey"));
 
-        $data = $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, \PDO::FETCH_NUM);
+        $this->hydrateStmt($stmt, FetchMode::NUMERIC);
 
         self::assertCount(2, $this->sqlLogger->queries);
     }
@@ -184,7 +193,7 @@ public function testChangeCacheImpl()
         self::assertCount(1, $secondCache->fetch("emptycachekey"));
     }
 
-    private function hydrateStmt($stmt, $fetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
+    private function hydrateStmt($stmt, $fetchMode = FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE)
     {
         $data = array();
         while ($row = $stmt->fetch($fetchMode)) {
@@ -194,7 +203,7 @@ private function hydrateStmt($stmt, $fetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
         return $data;
     }
 
-    private function hydrateStmtIterator($stmt, $fetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)
+    private function hydrateStmtIterator($stmt, $fetchMode = FetchMode::ASSOCIATIVE)
     {
         $data = array();
         $stmt->setFetchMode($fetchMode);
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/StatementTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/StatementTest.php
index be100f47a49..824ba65ad74 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/StatementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/StatementTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Table;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 
@@ -57,7 +59,7 @@ public function testReuseStatementWithLongerResults()
         $stmt->execute();
         self::assertArraySubset(array(
             array('param1', 'X'),
-        ), $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_NUM));
+        ), $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::NUMERIC));
 
         $row2 = array(
             'param' => 'param2',
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ public function testReuseStatementWithLongerResults()
         self::assertArraySubset(array(
             array('param1', 'X'),
             array('param2', 'A bit longer value'),
-        ), $stmt->fetchAll(\PDO::FETCH_NUM));
+        ), $stmt->fetchAll(FetchMode::NUMERIC));
     }
 
     public function testFetchLongBlob()
@@ -102,9 +104,7 @@ public function testFetchLongBlob()
 EOF
     );
 
-        $this->_conn->insert('stmt_long_blob', array(
-            'contents' => $contents,
-        ), array(\PDO::PARAM_LOB));
+        $this->_conn->insert('stmt_long_blob', ['contents' => $contents], [ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT]);
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->prepare('SELECT contents FROM stmt_long_blob');
         $stmt->execute();
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ public function testFetchInColumnMode() : void
     {
         $platform = $this->_conn->getDatabasePlatform();
         $query    = $platform->getDummySelectSQL();
-        $result   = $this->_conn->executeQuery($query)->fetch(\PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);
+        $result   = $this->_conn->executeQuery($query)->fetch(FetchMode::COLUMN);
 
         self::assertEquals(1, $result);
     }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Ticket/DBAL630Test.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Ticket/DBAL630Test.php
index 0d9eb3ea5d9..a0816b35303 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Ticket/DBAL630Test.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/Ticket/DBAL630Test.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional\Ticket;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DBALException;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use PDO;
 
 /**
@@ -52,7 +53,11 @@ public function testBooleanConversionSqlLiteral()
 
     public function testBooleanConversionBoolParamRealPrepares()
     {
-        $this->_conn->executeUpdate('INSERT INTO dbal630 (bool_col) VALUES(?)', array('false'), array(PDO::PARAM_BOOL));
+        $this->_conn->executeUpdate(
+            'INSERT INTO dbal630 (bool_col) VALUES(?)',
+            ['false'],
+            [ParameterType::BOOLEAN]
+        );
         $id = $this->_conn->lastInsertId('dbal630_id_seq');
         self::assertNotEmpty($id);
 
@@ -68,7 +73,7 @@ public function testBooleanConversionBoolParamEmulatedPrepares()
         $platform = $this->_conn->getDatabasePlatform();
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->prepare('INSERT INTO dbal630 (bool_col) VALUES(?)');
-        $stmt->bindValue(1, $platform->convertBooleansToDatabaseValue('false'), PDO::PARAM_BOOL);
+        $stmt->bindValue(1, $platform->convertBooleansToDatabaseValue('false'), ParameterType::BOOLEAN);
         $stmt->execute();
 
         $id = $this->_conn->lastInsertId('dbal630_id_seq');
@@ -116,7 +121,11 @@ public function testBooleanConversionNullParamEmulatedPreparesWithBooleanTypeInB
         $platform = $this->_conn->getDatabasePlatform();
 
         $stmt = $this->_conn->prepare('INSERT INTO dbal630_allow_nulls (bool_col) VALUES(?)');
-        $stmt->bindValue(1, $platform->convertBooleansToDatabaseValue($statementValue), PDO::PARAM_BOOL);
+        $stmt->bindValue(
+            1,
+            $platform->convertBooleansToDatabaseValue($statementValue),
+            ParameterType::BOOLEAN
+        );
         $stmt->execute();
 
         $id = $this->_conn->lastInsertId('dbal630_allow_nulls_id_seq');
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/WriteTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/WriteTest.php
index 7f072d26807..c7241592169 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/WriteTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Functional/WriteTest.php
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <?php
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Functional;
+
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
-use PDO;
 
 class WriteTest extends \Doctrine\Tests\DbalFunctionalTestCase
 {
@@ -31,10 +32,10 @@ protected function setUp()
     public function testExecuteUpdateFirstTypeIsNull()
     {
         $sql = "INSERT INTO write_table (test_string, test_int) VALUES (?, ?)";
-        $this->_conn->executeUpdate($sql, array("text", 1111), array(null, PDO::PARAM_INT));
+        $this->_conn->executeUpdate($sql, ['text', 1111], [null, ParameterType::INTEGER]);
 
         $sql = "SELECT * FROM write_table WHERE test_string = ? AND test_int = ?";
-        self::assertTrue((bool)$this->_conn->fetchColumn($sql, array("text", 1111)));
+        self::assertTrue((bool) $this->_conn->fetchColumn($sql, ['text', 1111]));
     }
 
     public function testExecuteUpdate()
@@ -48,7 +49,11 @@ public function testExecuteUpdate()
     public function testExecuteUpdateWithTypes()
     {
         $sql = "INSERT INTO write_table (test_int, test_string) VALUES (?, ?)";
-        $affected = $this->_conn->executeUpdate($sql, array(1, 'foo'), array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR));
+        $affected = $this->_conn->executeUpdate(
+            $sql,
+            [1, 'foo'],
+            [ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING]
+        );
 
         self::assertEquals(1, $affected, "executeUpdate() should return the number of affected rows!");
     }
@@ -70,8 +75,8 @@ public function testPrepareWithPdoTypes()
         $sql = "INSERT INTO write_table (test_int, test_string) VALUES (?, ?)";
         $stmt = $this->_conn->prepare($sql);
 
-        $stmt->bindValue(1, 1, \PDO::PARAM_INT);
-        $stmt->bindValue(2, "foo", \PDO::PARAM_STR);
+        $stmt->bindValue(1, 1, ParameterType::INTEGER);
+        $stmt->bindValue(2, 'foo', ParameterType::STRING);
         $stmt->execute();
 
         self::assertEquals(1, $stmt->rowCount());
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Portability/StatementTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Portability/StatementTest.php
index e369aab9286..2f35f0b64be 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Portability/StatementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Portability/StatementTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Portability;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\FetchMode;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Portability\Statement;
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ public function testBindParam()
     {
         $column   = 'mycolumn';
         $variable = 'myvalue';
-        $type     = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+        $type     = ParameterType::STRING;
         $length   = 666;
 
         $this->wrappedStmt->expects($this->once())
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ public function testBindValue()
     {
         $param = 'myparam';
         $value = 'myvalue';
-        $type  = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
+        $type  = ParameterType::STRING;
 
         $this->wrappedStmt->expects($this->once())
             ->method('bindValue')
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ public function testExecute()
 
     public function testSetFetchMode()
     {
-        $fetchMode = \PDO::FETCH_CLASS;
+        $fetchMode = FetchMode::CUSTOM_OBJECT;
         $arg1      = 'MyClass';
         $arg2      = array(1, 2);
 
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ public function testSetFetchMode()
             ->with($fetchMode, $arg1, $arg2)
             ->will($this->returnValue(true));
 
-        self::assertAttributeSame(\PDO::FETCH_BOTH, 'defaultFetchMode', $this->stmt);
+        self::assertAttributeSame(FetchMode::MIXED, 'defaultFetchMode', $this->stmt);
         self::assertTrue($this->stmt->setFetchMode($fetchMode, $arg1, $arg2));
         self::assertAttributeSame($fetchMode, 'defaultFetchMode', $this->stmt);
     }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilderTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilderTest.php
index 35c1b7e4f39..26058b25942 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilderTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Query/QueryBuilderTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Query;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\Expression\ExpressionBuilder;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Query\QueryBuilder;
 
@@ -600,12 +601,12 @@ public function testCreateNamedParameter()
         $qb   = new QueryBuilder($this->conn);
 
         $qb->select('u.*')->from('users', 'u')->where(
-            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createNamedParameter(10, \PDO::PARAM_INT))
+            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createNamedParameter(10, ParameterType::INTEGER))
         );
 
         self::assertEquals('SELECT u.* FROM users u WHERE u.name = :dcValue1', (string)$qb);
         self::assertEquals(10, $qb->getParameter('dcValue1'));
-        self::assertEquals(\PDO::PARAM_INT, $qb->getParameterType('dcValue1'));
+        self::assertEquals(ParameterType::INTEGER, $qb->getParameterType('dcValue1'));
     }
 
     public function testCreateNamedParameterCustomPlaceholder()
@@ -613,12 +614,12 @@ public function testCreateNamedParameterCustomPlaceholder()
         $qb   = new QueryBuilder($this->conn);
 
         $qb->select('u.*')->from('users', 'u')->where(
-            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createNamedParameter(10, \PDO::PARAM_INT, ':test'))
+            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createNamedParameter(10, ParameterType::INTEGER, ':test'))
         );
 
         self::assertEquals('SELECT u.* FROM users u WHERE u.name = :test', (string)$qb);
         self::assertEquals(10, $qb->getParameter('test'));
-        self::assertEquals(\PDO::PARAM_INT, $qb->getParameterType('test'));
+        self::assertEquals(ParameterType::INTEGER, $qb->getParameterType('test'));
     }
 
     public function testCreatePositionalParameter()
@@ -626,12 +627,12 @@ public function testCreatePositionalParameter()
         $qb   = new QueryBuilder($this->conn);
 
         $qb->select('u.*')->from('users', 'u')->where(
-            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createPositionalParameter(10, \PDO::PARAM_INT))
+            $qb->expr()->eq('u.name', $qb->createPositionalParameter(10, ParameterType::INTEGER))
         );
 
         self::assertEquals('SELECT u.* FROM users u WHERE u.name = ?', (string)$qb);
         self::assertEquals(10, $qb->getParameter(1));
-        self::assertEquals(\PDO::PARAM_INT, $qb->getParameterType(1));
+        self::assertEquals(ParameterType::INTEGER, $qb->getParameterType(1));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -847,9 +848,9 @@ public function testGetParameterType()
 
         self::assertNull($qb->getParameterType('name'));
 
-        $qb->setParameter('name', 'foo', \PDO::PARAM_STR);
+        $qb->setParameter('name', 'foo', ParameterType::STRING);
 
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $qb->getParameterType('name'));
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $qb->getParameterType('name'));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -868,12 +869,15 @@ public function testGetParameterTypes()
 
         self::assertSame(array(), $qb->getParameterTypes());
 
-        $qb->setParameter('name', 'foo', \PDO::PARAM_STR);
+        $qb->setParameter('name', 'foo', ParameterType::STRING);
 
         $qb->where('is_active = :isActive');
-        $qb->setParameter('isActive', true, \PDO::PARAM_BOOL);
+        $qb->setParameter('isActive', true, ParameterType::BOOLEAN);
 
-        self::assertSame(array('name' => \PDO::PARAM_STR, 'isActive' => \PDO::PARAM_BOOL), $qb->getParameterTypes());
+        self::assertSame([
+            'name'     => ParameterType::STRING,
+            'isActive' => ParameterType::BOOLEAN,
+        ], $qb->getParameterTypes());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/SQLParserUtilsTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/SQLParserUtilsTest.php
index d284b107eb1..c357988bf6a 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/SQLParserUtilsTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/SQLParserUtilsTest.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL;
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\SQLParserUtils;
 
 /**
@@ -95,34 +96,40 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array(Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?)',
                 array(1, 2, 3),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             // Positional: One non-list before d one after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?)",
                 array("string", array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_STR, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
+                array(ParameterType::STRING, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?, ?, ?)',
                 array("string", 1, 2, 3),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::STRING, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             // Positional: One non-list after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE bar IN (?) AND baz = ?",
                 array(array(1, 2, 3), "foo"),
-                array(Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, \PDO::PARAM_STR),
+                array(Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, ParameterType::STRING),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE bar IN (?, ?, ?) AND baz = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 3, "foo"),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             // Positional: One non-list before and one after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?) AND baz = ?",
                 array(1, array(1, 2, 3), 4),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, \PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?, ?, ?) AND baz = ?',
                 array(1, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                )
             ),
             // Positional: Two lists
             array(
@@ -131,7 +138,13 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array(Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
                 array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                )
             ),
             // Positional: Empty "integer" array DDC-1978
             array(
@@ -155,47 +168,67 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar = ? AND baz = ?",
                 array(1 => 'bar', 2 => 'baz', 0 => 1),
-                array(2 => \PDO::PARAM_STR, 1 => \PDO::PARAM_STR),
+                array(2 => ParameterType::STRING, 1 => ParameterType::STRING),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar = ? AND baz = ?',
                 array(1 => 'bar', 0 => 1, 2 => 'baz'),
-                array(1 => \PDO::PARAM_STR, 2 => \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(1 => ParameterType::STRING, 2 => ParameterType::STRING),
             ),
             // Positional: explicit keys for array params and array types
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?) AND bar IN (?) AND baz = ?",
                 array(1 => array('bar1', 'bar2'), 2 => true, 0 => array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array(2 => \PDO::PARAM_BOOL, 1 => Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY, 0 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
+                array(2 => ParameterType::BOOLEAN, 1 => Connection::PARAM_STR_ARRAY, 0 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?) AND bar IN (?, ?) AND baz = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 3, 'bar1', 'bar2', true),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_BOOL)
+                array(
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::STRING,
+                    ParameterType::STRING,
+                    ParameterType::BOOLEAN,
+                )
             ),
             // Positional starts from 1: One non-list before and one after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?) AND baz = ? AND foo IN (?)",
                 array(1 => 1, 2 => array(1, 2, 3), 3 => 4, 4 => array(5, 6)),
-                array(1 => \PDO::PARAM_INT, 2 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 3 => \PDO::PARAM_INT, 4 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
+                array(
+                    1 => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    2 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                    3 => ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    4 => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY,
+                ),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?, ?, ?) AND baz = ? AND foo IN (?, ?)',
                 array(1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                    ParameterType::INTEGER,
+                )
             ),
             //  Named parameters : Very simple with param int
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo",
                 array('foo'=>1),
-                array('foo'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array('foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ?',
                 array(1),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER),
             ),
 
              //  Named parameters : Very simple with param int and string
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo AND bar = :bar",
                 array('bar'=>'Some String','foo'=>1),
-                array('foo'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT,'bar'=>\PDO::PARAM_STR),
+                array('foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER, 'bar' => ParameterType::STRING),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar = ?',
                 array(1,'Some String'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             //  Named parameters : Very simple with one needle
             array(
@@ -204,34 +237,34 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('foo'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?)',
                 array(1, 2, 3),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER),
             ),
             // Named parameters: One non-list before d one after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo AND bar IN (:bar)",
                 array('foo'=>"string", 'bar'=>array(1, 2, 3)),
-                array('foo'=>\PDO::PARAM_STR, 'bar'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
+                array('foo' => ParameterType::STRING, 'bar' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?, ?, ?)',
                 array("string", 1, 2, 3),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_STR, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::STRING, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             // Named parameters: One non-list after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE bar IN (:bar) AND baz = :baz",
                 array('bar'=>array(1, 2, 3), 'baz'=>"foo"),
-                array('bar'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'baz'=>\PDO::PARAM_STR),
+                array('bar'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'baz'=>ParameterType::STRING),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE bar IN (?, ?, ?) AND baz = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 3, "foo"),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             // Named parameters: One non-list before and one after list-needle
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo AND bar IN (:bar) AND baz = :baz",
                 array('bar'=>array(1, 2, 3),'foo'=>1, 'baz'=>4),
-                array('bar'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'foo'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT, 'baz'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array('bar'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'foo'=>ParameterType::INTEGER, 'baz'=>ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? AND bar IN (?, ?, ?) AND baz = ?',
                 array(1, 1, 2, 3, 4),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             // Named parameters: Two lists
             array(
@@ -240,16 +273,16 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('a'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'b'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
                 array(1, 2, 3, 4, 5),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             //  Named parameters : With the same name arg type string
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo <> :arg AND bar = :arg",
                 array('arg'=>"Some String"),
-                array('arg'=>\PDO::PARAM_STR),
+                array('arg'=>ParameterType::STRING),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo <> ? AND bar = ?',
                 array("Some String","Some String"),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_STR,\PDO::PARAM_STR,)
+                array(ParameterType::STRING,ParameterType::STRING,)
             ),
              //  Named parameters : With the same name arg
             array(
@@ -258,17 +291,17 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('arg'=>Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?, ?) AND NOT bar IN (?, ?, ?)',
                 array(1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT,\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT,\PDO::PARAM_INT,\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER,ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER,ParameterType::INTEGER,ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
 
              //  Named parameters : Same name, other name in between DBAL-299
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE (:foo = 2) AND (:bar = 3) AND (:foo = 2)",
                 array('foo'=>2,'bar'=>3),
-                array('foo'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT,'bar'=>\PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array('foo'=>ParameterType::INTEGER,'bar'=>ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE (? = 2) AND (? = 3) AND (? = 2)',
                 array(2, 3, 2),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
              //  Named parameters : Empty "integer" array DDC-1978
             array(
@@ -294,7 +327,7 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('foo' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY, 'baz' => 'string'),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?) OR bar = ? OR baz = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 'bar', 'baz'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR, 'string')
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING, 'string')
             ),
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (:foo) OR bar = :bar",
@@ -302,24 +335,24 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('foo' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?) OR bar = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 'bar'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             // Params/types with colons
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo OR bar = :bar",
                 array(':foo' => 'foo', ':bar' => 'bar'),
-                array(':foo' => \PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array(':foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? OR bar = ?',
                 array('foo', 'bar'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo OR bar = :bar",
                 array(':foo' => 'foo', ':bar' => 'bar'),
-                array(':foo' => \PDO::PARAM_INT, 'bar' => \PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array(':foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER, 'bar' => ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ? OR bar = ?',
                 array('foo', 'bar'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (:foo) OR bar = :bar",
@@ -327,7 +360,7 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array('foo' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?) OR bar = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 'bar'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (:foo) OR bar = :bar",
@@ -335,33 +368,33 @@ public function dataExpandListParameters()
                 array(':foo' => Connection::PARAM_INT_ARRAY),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo IN (?, ?) OR bar = ?',
                 array(1, 2, 'bar'),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_STR)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::STRING)
             ),
             // DBAL-522 - null valued parameters are not considered
             array(
                 'INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) values (:foo, :bar)',
                 array('foo' => 1, 'bar' => null),
-                array(':foo' => \PDO::PARAM_INT, ':bar' => \PDO::PARAM_NULL),
+                array(':foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER, ':bar' => ParameterType::NULL),
                 'INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) values (?, ?)',
                 array(1, null),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_NULL)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::NULL)
             ),
             array(
                 'INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) values (?, ?)',
                 array(1, null),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_NULL),
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::NULL),
                 'INSERT INTO Foo (foo, bar) values (?, ?)',
                 array(1, null),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_NULL)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::NULL)
             ),
             // DBAL-1205 - Escaped single quotes SQL- and C-Style
             array(
                 "SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = :foo||''':not_a_param''\\'' OR bar = ''':not_a_param''\\'':bar",
                 array(':foo' => 1, ':bar' => 2),
-                array(':foo' => \PDO::PARAM_INT, 'bar' => \PDO::PARAM_INT),
+                array(':foo' => ParameterType::INTEGER, 'bar' => ParameterType::INTEGER),
                 'SELECT * FROM Foo WHERE foo = ?||\'\'\':not_a_param\'\'\\\'\' OR bar = \'\'\':not_a_param\'\'\\\'\'?',
                 array(1, 2),
-                array(\PDO::PARAM_INT, \PDO::PARAM_INT)
+                array(ParameterType::INTEGER, ParameterType::INTEGER)
             ),
         );
     }
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Schema/Synchronizer/SingleDatabaseSynchronizerTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Schema/Synchronizer/SingleDatabaseSynchronizerTest.php
index 06b30e08d28..0071d217280 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Schema/Synchronizer/SingleDatabaseSynchronizerTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Schema/Synchronizer/SingleDatabaseSynchronizerTest.php
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Schema;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\Synchronizer\SingleDatabaseSynchronizer;
 
+/**
+ * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+ */
 class SingleDatabaseSynchronizerTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
 {
     private $conn;
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Sharding/PoolingShardConnectionTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Sharding/PoolingShardConnectionTest.php
index ae3e05b0e14..22cbcd6c066 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Sharding/PoolingShardConnectionTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Sharding/PoolingShardConnectionTest.php
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Sharding\ShardChoser\MultiTenantShardChoser;
 
+/**
+ * @requires extension pdo_sqlite
+ */
 class PoolingShardConnectionTest extends \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase
 {
     public function testConnect()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/StatementTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/StatementTest.php
index 3e05c5fb9c5..fa22536f2d4 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/StatementTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/StatementTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Statement;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\SQLLogger;
 
@@ -62,12 +63,12 @@ protected function setUp()
 
     public function testExecuteCallsLoggerStartQueryWithParametersWhenValuesBound()
     {
-        $name = 'foo';
-        $var = 'bar';
-        $type = \PDO::PARAM_STR;
-        $values = array($name => $var);
-        $types = array($name => $type);
-        $sql = '';
+        $name   = 'foo';
+        $var    = 'bar';
+        $type   = ParameterType::STRING;
+        $values = [$name => $var];
+        $types  = [$name => $type];
+        $sql    = '';
 
         $logger = $this->createMock('\Doctrine\DBAL\Logging\SQLLogger');
         $logger->expects($this->once())
@@ -106,11 +107,11 @@ public function testExecuteCallsLoggerStartQueryWithParametersWhenParamsPassedTo
 
     public function testExecuteCallsStartQueryWithTheParametersBoundViaBindParam()
     {
-        $name = 'foo';
-        $var = 'bar';
+        $name   = 'foo';
+        $var    = 'bar';
         $values = [$name => $var];
-        $types = [$name => \PDO::PARAM_STR];
-        $sql = '';
+        $types  = [$name => ParameterType::STRING];
+        $sql    = '';
 
         $logger = $this->createMock(SQLLogger::class);
         $logger->expects(self::once())
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/BinaryTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/BinaryTest.php
index a68bf692381..f260d57c9f5 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/BinaryTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/BinaryTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Mocks\MockPlatform;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ protected function setUp()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_LOB, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::LARGE_OBJECT, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testReturnsName()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateImmutableTypeTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateImmutableTypeTest.php
index 9d32448be51..5051853eb2a 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateImmutableTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateImmutableTypeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\ConversionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\DateImmutableType;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public function testReturnsName()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testConvertsDateTimeImmutableInstanceToDatabaseValue()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
index a134180830c..b7c99825e0a 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\ConversionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\DateTimeImmutableType;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public function testReturnsName()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testConvertsDateTimeImmutableInstanceToDatabaseValue()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeTzImmutableTypeTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeTzImmutableTypeTest.php
index 87d448ceab0..302aea26b7f 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeTzImmutableTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/DateTimeTzImmutableTypeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\ConversionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\DateTimeTzImmutableType;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public function testReturnsName()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testConvertsDateTimeImmutableInstanceToDatabaseValue()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonArrayTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonArrayTest.php
index bbfc0365e30..211baeef101 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonArrayTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonArrayTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Mocks\MockPlatform;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ protected function setUp()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testReturnsName()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonTest.php
index 851b2e972b6..a92bf5f6c41 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/JsonTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\Type;
 use Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Mocks\MockPlatform;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ protected function setUp()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testReturnsName()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/TimeImmutableTypeTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/TimeImmutableTypeTest.php
index 9bca6fa0c34..c1de23ac641 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/TimeImmutableTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/TimeImmutableTypeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\ConversionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\TimeImmutableType;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ public function testReturnsName()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testConvertsDateTimeImmutableInstanceToDatabaseValue()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/VarDateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/VarDateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
index 1ce9adfc029..ebf21284651 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/VarDateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/DBAL/Types/VarDateTimeImmutableTypeTest.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\DBAL\Types;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Platforms\AbstractPlatform;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\ConversionException;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Types\VarDateTimeImmutableType;
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ public function testReturnsName()
 
     public function testReturnsBindingType()
     {
-        self::assertSame(\PDO::PARAM_STR, $this->type->getBindingType());
+        self::assertSame(ParameterType::STRING, $this->type->getBindingType());
     }
 
     public function testConvertsDateTimeImmutableInstanceToDatabaseValue()
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/DriverConnectionMock.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/DriverConnectionMock.php
index 03d44caae48..760dbff40cf 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/DriverConnectionMock.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/DriverConnectionMock.php
@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 namespace Doctrine\Tests\Mocks;
 
+use Doctrine\DBAL\ParameterType;
+
 class DriverConnectionMock implements \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Connection
 {
     public function prepare($prepareString) {}
     public function query() {}
-    public function quote($input, $type=\PDO::PARAM_STR) {}
+
+    public function quote($input, $type = ParameterType::STRING)
+    {
+    }
+
     public function exec($statement) {}
     public function lastInsertId($name = null) {}
     public function beginTransaction() {}
@@ -14,4 +20,4 @@ public function commit() {}
     public function rollBack() {}
     public function errorCode() {}
     public function errorInfo() {}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/HydratorMockStatement.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/HydratorMockStatement.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 00967829bd9..00000000000
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/HydratorMockStatement.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Doctrine\Tests\Mocks;
-
-/**
- * This class is a mock of the Statement interface that can be passed in to the Hydrator
- * to test the hydration standalone with faked result sets.
- *
- * @author  Roman Borschel <roman@code-factory.org>
- */
-class HydratorMockStatement implements \Doctrine\DBAL\Driver\Statement
-{
-    private $_resultSet;
-
-    /**
-     * Creates a new mock statement that will serve the provided fake result set to clients.
-     *
-     * @param array $resultSet The faked SQL result set.
-     */
-    public function __construct(array $resultSet)
-    {
-        $this->_resultSet = $resultSet;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches all rows from the result set.
-     *
-     * @return array
-     */
-    public function fetchAll($fetchMode = null, $columnIndex = null, array $ctorArgs = null)
-    {
-        return $this->_resultSet;
-    }
-
-    public function fetchColumn($columnNumber = 0)
-    {
-        $row = current($this->_resultSet);
-        if ( ! is_array($row)) return false;
-        $val = array_shift($row);
-        return $val !== null ? $val : false;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Fetches the next row in the result set.
-     *
-     */
-    public function fetch($fetchMode = null)
-    {
-        $current = current($this->_resultSet);
-        next($this->_resultSet);
-        return $current;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Closes the cursor, enabling the statement to be executed again.
-     *
-     * @return bool
-     */
-    public function closeCursor()
-    {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public function setResultSet(array $resultSet)
-    {
-        reset($resultSet);
-        $this->_resultSet = $resultSet;
-    }
-
-    public function bindColumn($column, &$param, $type = null)
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function bindValue($param, $value, $type = null)
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function bindParam($column, &$variable, $type = null, $length = null, $driverOptions = array())
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function columnCount()
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function errorCode()
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function errorInfo()
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function execute($params = array())
-    {
-    }
-
-    public function rowCount()
-    {
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/PDOMock.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/PDOMock.php
deleted file mode 100644
index 0967c17b517..00000000000
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/Mocks/PDOMock.php
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-namespace Doctrine\Tests\Mocks;
-
-class PDOMock extends \PDO
-{
-    public function __construct()
-    {
-    }
-}
diff --git a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/TestUtil.php b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/TestUtil.php
index bf317c1bbc1..62ec5a14c17 100644
--- a/tests/Doctrine/Tests/TestUtil.php
+++ b/tests/Doctrine/Tests/TestUtil.php
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
 use Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Assert;
 
 /**
  * TestUtil is a class with static utility methods used during tests.
@@ -110,7 +111,12 @@ private static function getSpecifiedConnectionParams() {
         return $realDbParams;
     }
 
-    private static function getFallbackConnectionParams() {
+    private static function getFallbackConnectionParams()
+    {
+        if (! extension_loaded('pdo_sqlite')) {
+            Assert::markTestSkipped('PDO SQLite extension is not loaded');
+        }
+
         $params = array(
             'driver' => 'pdo_sqlite',
             'memory' => true